Temperature-mediated acquisition of rare heterologous symbionts promotes survival of coral larvae under ocean warming.
Temperature-mediated acquisition of rare heterologous symbionts promotes survival of coral larvae under ocean warming.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16057
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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造礁珊瑚与内共生甲藻（共生甲藻科）形成营养共生关系，这种关系促进了珊瑚礁的生态成功。这些共生体大多是在生命早期阶段每一代从环境中重新获得的（“水平传播”）。共生科物种表现出的性状变异直接影响海洋变暖下珊瑚宿主的健康和表现。在这里，我们测试了水平传播的珊瑚（Acropora tenuis）的幼虫与具有不同热阈值的四个属的共生科物种（常见的共生属，Cladocopium 和 Durusdinium，以及不太常见的 Fugacium 和 Gerakladium）建立共生的能力。在 2018 年 1 月的两周内，在三个温度（27°C、30°C 和 31°C）下进行了一系列无选择和四向选择实验。在个体幼虫中测量共生体获得成功和细胞增殖。在无选择实验中，幼虫成功获得并维持了所有四个属的共生体，并且当提供四向选择时，> 80％的幼虫感染了至少三个属。出乎意料的是，随着时间的推移，Gerakladium 共生体的优势不断增强，并且在高温下超过了被认为具有耐热性的 Durusdinium。尽管 Fugacium 在培养物中表现出最高的耐热性，并且在 31°C 下达到了与其他三种共生体相似的细胞密度，但它在选择实验中仍然是背景共生体，表明宿主对其他共生体物种的偏好。在 27°C 和 30°C 下，与 Gerakladium 和 Fugacium 共生体相关的幼虫在 1 周时的幼虫存活率最高，但在 31°C 下，所有处理的死亡率相似。我们假设，在气候变暖的影响下，目前在珊瑚中罕见的共生体（例如 Gerakladium）可能会在生命早期阶段变得更加常见和广泛。吸收此类共生体可能是野外生存的一种策略，并对使用有性繁殖的珊瑚群的珊瑚礁恢复实践产生影响。获得藻类共生体对于珊瑚早期生命阶段的生存至关重要。细鹿角幼虫成功获得了罕见的耐热藻类共生体，共生体的身份影响了高温下的生存。在高温下，罕见的异源卡瓦古提在无选择治疗中的存活率最高。在四向选择治疗（共生竞争）中，Gerakladium sp。是最普遍和占主导地位的，表现出同源或异源共生体的相对丰度最高。
Reef‐building corals form nutritional symbioses with endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), a relationship that facilitates the ecological success of coral reefs. These symbionts are mostly acquired anew each generation from the environment during early life stages (“horizontal transmission”). Symbiodiniaceae species exhibit trait variation that directly impacts the health and performance of the coral host under ocean warming. Here, we test the capacity for larvae of a horizontally transmitting coral, Acropora tenuis, to establish symbioses with Symbiodiniaceae species in four genera that have varying thermal thresholds (the common symbiont genera, Cladocopium and Durusdinium, and the less common Fugacium and Gerakladium). Over a 2‐week period in January 2018, a series of both no‐choice and four‐way choice experiments were conducted at three temperatures (27, 30, and 31°C). Symbiont acquisition success and cell proliferation were measured in individual larvae. Larvae successfully acquired and maintained symbionts of all four genera in no‐choice experiments, and >80% of larvae were infected with at least three genera when offered a four‐way choice. Unexpectedly, Gerakladium symbionts increased in dominance over time, and at high temperatures outcompeted Durusdinium, which is regarded as thermally tolerant. Although Fugacium displayed the highest thermal tolerance in culture and reached similar cell densities to the other three symbionts at 31°C, it remained a background symbiont in choice experiments, suggesting host preference for other symbiont species. Larval survivorship at 1 week was highest in larvae associated with Gerakladium and Fugacium symbionts at 27 and 30°C, however at 31°C, mortality was similar for all treatments. We hypothesize that symbionts that are currently rare in corals (e.g., Gerakladium) may become more common and widespread in early life stages under climate warming. Uptake of such symbionts may function as a survival strategy in the wild, and has implications for reef restoration practices that use sexually produced coral stock. Acquiring algal symbionts is critical for the survival of coral during early life stages. Acropora tenuis larvae successfully acquired rare thermally tolerant algal symbionts, and symbiont identity influenced survival under elevated temperatures. At elevated temperatures, rare heterologous Fugacium kawagutii in the no‐choice treatment had the highest survivorship. In the four‐way choice treatment (symbiont competition), Gerakladium sp. was the most prevalent and dominant, exhibiting the highest relative abundances of homologous or heterologous symbionts.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Chakravarti, Leela J.;Negri, Andrew P.;van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.
通讯作者：
van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Cooke I;Ying H;Forêt S;Bongaerts P;Strugnell JM;Simakov O;Zhang J;Field MA;Rodriguez-Lanetty M;Bell SC;Bourne DG;van Oppen MJ;Ragan MA;Miller DJ
通讯作者：
Miller DJ
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Buerger, P.;Alvarez-Roa, C.;van Oppen, M. J. H.
通讯作者：
van Oppen, M. J. H.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Damjanovic, Katarina;van Oppen, Madeleine J. H.;Blackall, Linda L.
通讯作者：
Blackall, Linda L.
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Cunning, Ross;Baker, Andrew C.
通讯作者：
Baker, Andrew C.