Two Laterally Distant TGFs From Negative Cloud‐To‐Ground Strokes in Uchinada, Japan

Two Laterally Distant TGFs From Negative Cloud‐To‐Ground Strokes in Uchinada, Japan
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日本内田的两个横向距离的 TGF 从负云到地面中风

DOI:
10.1029/2023jd039020
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Suzuki, Tomoyuki
Suzuki, Tomoyuki
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ortberg, John;Smith, David M.;Kamogawa, Masashi;Dwyer, Joseph;Bowers, Gregory;Chaffin, Jeffrey;Lapierre, Jeff;Wang, Daohong;Wu, Ting;Suzuki, Tomoyuki

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我们在2020年12月18日和2021年12月18日在日本上田观测到了两次地面伽马射线闪电(TGFs),它们与云对地闪电的负相隔一年。这些事件值得注意的是它们与相关中风的横向距离-每个中风距离探测器地点约5公里。不仅对于地面探测来说,横向距离本身是显著的,而且日本冬季雷暴的低海拔轮廓表明,探测发生在前所未有的最低角-2020年事件的73.3°偏离轴线,标准假设是垂直定向的转化生长因子。毫不奇怪,对这些事件的直接解释的蒙特卡罗模拟产生的通量比观测数据低2个数量级。我们调查了各种方法,试图解决预期行为和观察行为之间的矛盾。
We observed two Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) in Uchinada, Japan associated with negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes exactly 1 year apart on 18 December 2020 and 2021. The events were remarkable for their lateral distance from the associated strokes—each about 5 km away from the detector site. Not only was that lateral distance remarkable on its own for a ground based detection, but the low‐altitude profile of winter thunderstorms in Japan would suggest the detections occurred at unprecedented nadir angles—73.3° off axis for the 2020 event with the standard assumption of a vertically oriented TGF. Unsurprisingly, Monte Carlo simulations of the straightforward interpretation of these events yield fluences 2 orders of magnitude lower than observed data. We investigate a variety of ways to attempt to resolve the contradiction between expected and observed behavior.
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