Compact Lightning Strokes in Winter Thunderstorms
Compact Lightning Strokes in Winter Thunderstorms
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冬季雷暴中的紧凑型雷击
DOI：
10.1029/2021jd034932
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu;T.;Wang;D.;& Takagi;N
通过对日本北陆地区14个站点的快速天线闪电测绘阵列的观测，我们在冬季雷暴中识别出一种特殊类型的雷击，称为“密集雷击”。一个紧凑的击球开始于一个快速向下的负先导，然后是一个“紧凑的回击”。密集雷击具有正常雷击中看不到的以下特征：（a）前一次放电的持续时间（定义为回击和闪光开始之间的时间差）通常小于200微秒。(b)据推测，大多数紧凑的中风是在山顶和负电荷区之间的小间隙在冬季雷暴。(c)紧凑冲程的通道长度估计短于600 m，平均约为300 m。(d)密集回击的电场变化波形特征与先导放电持续时间密切相关。(e)紧凑型回击的峰值电流随着通道长度的增加而增加。似乎发生密集中风的山脉表面的海拔与较低正电荷区域的海拔相当，因此我们推测，当风暴在头顶上时，山脉表面和近地表空间携带正电荷，实际上是正常三极结构的较低正电荷区域。因此，紧凑的中风之间的主要负电荷和较低的正电荷区域，并与紧凑的回击前的短持续时间的小脉冲被向下的负领导人产生对应的初步击穿阶段。
With the observation of a 14‐site Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array in the Hokuriku region of Japan, we identified a special type of lightning stroke called “compact stroke” in winter thunderstorms. A compact stroke starts with a fast downward negative leader followed by a “compact return stroke.” Compact strokes have the following characteristics that are not seen in normal lightning strokes: (a) Durations of preceding discharges (defined as the time difference between the return stroke and the start of the flash) are generally smaller than 200μs. (b) Most compact strokes are inferred to be produced in small gaps between mountain tops and negative charge regions in winter thunderstorms. (c) Channel lengths of compact strokes are estimated to be shorter than 600 m with an average of about 300 m. (d) Characteristics of electric field change waveforms of compact return strokes are closely related with durations of preceding discharges. (e) Peak currents of compact return strokes increase with increasing channel lengths. It seems that elevations of mountain surfaces where compact strokes occur are comparable to the altitude of the lower positive charge region, so we speculate that the mountain surface and the near‐surface space carry positive charges when a storm is overhead and are virtually the lower positive charge region of a normal tripole structure. As a result, compact strokes are confined between the main negative and lower positive charge regions, and small pulses with short durations preceding compact return strokes are produced by downward negative leaders corresponding to the preliminary breakdown stage.
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DOI：
10.1002/qj.49708335603
发表时间：
1957-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
CLARENCE, ND;MALAN, DJ
通讯作者：
MALAN, DJ
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
R. Mecikalski;L. Carey
通讯作者：
R. Mecikalski;L. Carey
第一次负云对地闪电之前发生的异常短脉冲序列的特性
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
I. Kolmašová;O. Santolík;T. Farges;W. Rison;R. Lan;L. Uhlir
通讯作者：
L. Uhlir
DOI：
10.1029/2019jd031730
发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子：
--
作者：
Y. Wada;T. Enoto;Y. Nakamura;T. Morimoto;Mitsuteru Sato;T. Ushio;Koji Nakazawa;T. Yuasa;D. Yonetoku;T. Sawano;M. Kamogawa;Hideo Sakai;Y. Furuta;K. Makishima;H. Tsuchiya
通讯作者：
Y. Wada;T. Enoto;Y. Nakamura;T. Morimoto;Mitsuteru Sato;T. Ushio;Koji Nakazawa;T. Yuasa;D. Yonetoku;T. Sawano;M. Kamogawa;Hideo Sakai;Y. Furuta;K. Makishima;H. Tsuchiya
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
K. Miyake;T. Suzuki;K. Shinjou
通讯作者：
K. Shinjou