Phosphorescent nanoscale coordination polymers as contrast agents for optical imaging.
Phosphorescent nanoscale coordination polymers as contrast agents for optical imaging.
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201008277
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发表时间：
2011-04-11
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Lin, Wenbin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Demin;Huxford, Rachel C.;Lin, Wenbin
光学成像既不使用电离辐射(如X射线计算机断层成像)，也不使用放射性物质(如正电子发射断层成像或单光子发射计算机断层成像)，在过去二十年中已成为一种强大的成像方式。光学成像由于能够基于不同的染料积累来非侵入性地区分病变组织(例如肿瘤)和健康组织而被广泛应用于肿瘤和其他应用。然而，在光学成像中需要相对较高的染料浓度(高达~µM)，这限制了其在许多领域的应用，例如检测低浓度的生物目标。例如，许多生物标记物在疾病组织中以NM浓度过度表达，并且不容易通过光学成像进行可视化。负载染料的纳米颗粒是降低检测极限的合理解决方案，因为它们能够携带大量的染料分子，以及通过与亲和分子结合来靶向某些细胞类型。发光量子点作为明亮、稳定的光学成像造影剂已经得到了广泛的研究。然而，许多量子点制剂中有毒元素的不可降解性和使用限制了它们在许多领域的应用。另一方面，大多数荧光染料分子具有很小的斯托克斯位移，并且在吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱之间往往有显著的重叠。因此，如果这些荧光染料彼此接近，它们将遭受严重的自猝灭，就像在高染料载量的纳米颗粒中一样。
Optical imaging, which uses neither ionizing radiation (as in X-ray computed tomography) nor radioactive materials (as in positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography), has emerged as a powerful imaging modality during the last two decades. Optical imaging has been widely employed for oncological and other applications due to its ability to noninvasively differentiate between diseased (e.g., tumor) and healthy tissues based on differential dye accumulations. The need for relatively high (up to ~µM) concentrations of dyes in optical imaging, however, limits its application in many areas, such as detecting low concentrations of biological targets. For example, many biomarkers are overexpressed in the nM concentrations in diseased tissues, and cannot be readily visualized by optical imaging. Dye-loaded nanoparticles represent a logical solution to lowering the detection limit due to their ability to carry a large payload of dye molecules as well as to target certain cell types by conjugation to affinity molecules. Luminescent quantum dots have indeed been extensively explored as bright and stable contrast agents for optical imaging. The non-degradable nature of and the use of toxic elements in many quantum dot formulations however limit their applications in many areas. Most of fluorescent dye molecules, on the other hand, have small Stokes shifts and tend to have a significant overlap between absorption and fluorescent emission spectra. As a result, these fluorescence dyes will suffer from severe self-quenching if they are brought into close proximity with each other, as in nanoparticles with high dye loadings.
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