Unexpected genomic features in widespread intracellular bacteria: evidence for motility of marine chlamydiae.

Unexpected genomic features in widespread intracellular bacteria: evidence for motility of marine chlamydiae.
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DOI:
10.1038/ismej.2017.95
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发表时间:
2017-10
期刊:
The ISME journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Horn M
Horn M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Collingro A;Köstlbacher S;Mussmann M;Stepanauskas R;Hallam SJ;Horn M

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衣原体是专性细胞内细菌,包含重要的人类病原体和原生生物共生体。分子证据表明衣原体具有巨大的多样性,特别是在海洋环境中,但我们目前的知识主要基于陆地代表。在这里,我们首次深入了解代表三个不同分支的海洋衣原体的生物学。我们对单细胞扩增基因组的分析揭示了衣原体生活方式的特征,支持其特征发育周期和主要毒力机制的古老起源。令人惊讶的是,这些衣原体基因组编码了完整的鞭毛装置,这是以前未报道的特征。我们发现鞭毛是一种古老的性状,在现存的衣原体中存在差异性基因丢失。与趋化系统一起,这些海洋衣原体可能具有运动能力,鞭毛可能在宿主细胞感染过程中发挥作用。这项研究拓宽了我们对衣原体生物学的看法,并表明衣原体适应不同宿主和环境的潜力在很大程度上被低估了。
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human pathogens and symbionts of protists. Molecular evidence indicates a tremendous diversity of chlamydiae particularly in marine environments, yet our current knowledge is based mainly on terrestrial representatives. Here we provide first insights into the biology of marine chlamydiae representing three divergent clades. Our analysis of single-cell amplified genomes revealed hallmarks of the chlamydial lifestyle, supporting the ancient origin of their characteristic developmental cycle and major virulence mechanisms. Surprisingly, these chlamydial genomes encode a complete flagellar apparatus, a previously unreported feature. We show that flagella are an ancient trait that was subject to differential gene loss among extant chlamydiae. Together with a chemotaxis system, these marine chlamydiae are likely motile, with flagella potentially playing a role during host cell infection. This study broadens our view on chlamydial biology and indicates a largely underestimated potential to adapt to different hosts and environments.
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