Priming intelligent behavior: an elusive phenomenon.
Priming intelligent behavior: an elusive phenomenon.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0056515
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Moore C
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shanks DR;Newell BR;Lee EH;Balakrishnan D;Ekelund L;Cenac Z;Kavvadia F;Moore C
Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be influenced by activating intelligence-related concepts such as professor or soccer hooligan. In 9 experiments with 475 participants we employed the procedures used in these studies, as well as a number of variants of those procedures, in an attempt to obtain this intelligence priming effect. None of the experiments obtained the effect, although financial incentives did boost performance. A Bayesian analysis reveals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis. The results conform to the pattern typically obtained in word priming experiments in which priming is very narrow in its generalization and unconscious (subliminal) influences, if they occur at all, are extremely short-lived. We encourage others to explore the circumstances in which this phenomenon might be obtained.
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