Optimal timing of college subsidies: Enrollment, graduation, and the skill premium

Optimal timing of college subsidies: Enrollment, graduation, and the skill premium
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大学补贴的最佳时机:入学、毕业和技能溢价

DOI:
10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103549
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Matsuda Kazushige
Matsuda Kazushige
中科院分区:
经济学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fumiya Akashi;Masanobu Taniguchi;Anna Clara Monti;Tomoyuki Amano;山崎 晃生;Yufei Zhou;阪本浩章;Matsuda Kazushige

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技能溢价的大幅增加导致许多政策制定者提议增加大学补贴,作为增加大学入学率和减少不平等的战略。现有的分析通常假设入学和毕业之间没有区别,但事实上超过50%的大学入学者没有毕业。这突出表明,在评估补贴的影响时,有必要明确地模拟辍学的决定。我建立了一个教育选择的一般均衡模型,其特点是明确的辍学决定,校准它,以匹配美国经济的主要特征,并用它来评估大学补贴对大学教育劳动力供给的影响。我表明,移动到一个系统中,补贴是背装-即,大三和大四学生的失业率高于大一和大一学生,这将增加受过大学教育的劳动力的供给,即使总补贴保持不变。事实上,这种影响比统一增加50%的补贴所产生的影响更大。
The large increase in the skill premium has led many policy makers to propose increasing college subsidies as a strategy to increase college enrollment and reduce inequality. Existing analyses typically assume that there is no distinction between enrollment and graduation, but in fact more than 50% of college enrollees do not graduate. This highlights the need to explicitly model the decision to drop out in assessing the effect of subsidies. I build a general equilibrium model of education choice that features an explicit dropout decision, calibrate it to match key features of the US economy, and use it to evaluate the impact of college subsidies on the supply of college-educated labor. I show that moving to a system in which subsidies are back-loaded—i.e., higher for juniors and seniors than for freshmen and sophomores—will increase the supply of college-educated labor, even holding total subsides constant. In fact, this effect is larger than what would be accomplished by a uniform 50% increase in subsidies.
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