Global Size Pattern in a Group of Important Ecological Indicators (Diptera, Chironomidae) Is Driven by Latitudinal Temperature Gradients.
Global Size Pattern in a Group of Important Ecological Indicators (Diptera, Chironomidae) Is Driven by Latitudinal Temperature Gradients.
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一组重要的生态指标（双翅目，chiromidae）中的全球大小模式是由纬度温度梯度驱动的。
DOI：
10.3390/insects13010034
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发表时间：
2021-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Haug JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baranov V;Jourdan J;Hunter-Moffatt B;Noori S;Schölderle S;Haug JT
动物的大小是群体进化、动物生存环境和生理机能之间复杂相互作用的结果。人们早就知道，温血动物（如鸟类或哺乳动物）在较冷的气候中会变得更大。这种现象被称为“伯格曼定律”，它是由动物在较冷的气候条件下产生和保存热量的必要性引起的。这对大型动物来说更容易，因为它们的体表面积与身体体积的比例更低。在一些冷血动物，如昆虫中，也发现了类似的模式，但它们的起源却不太清楚。在本文中，我们展示了一个大型水生昆虫（不咬人的蠓）的大小和温度之间的强烈负相关关系。研究发现，年平均气温每升高1℃，非叮蠓的翅长缩短32.4µm。这一发现对于利用不咬人的蠓监测水生生态系统健康和跟踪全球气候变化具有重要意义。大小是动物最明显的特征之一，由多种系统发育和环境变量决定。人们提出了许多假说来解释动物的体型和地理纬度之间的关系。伯格曼法则（Bergmann’s Rule）描述了吸热动物的体型与其所在地理纬度之间的正相关关系，这一法则尤其广为人知。昆虫是否表现出类似的模式长期以来一直是争论的主题。我们假设纬度大小梯度与温度变化相耦合，影响这些merolimic昆虫的代谢率。通过对来自世界各地的4309种非叮蚊标本的研究，我们发现了非叮蚊（双翅目：摇蚊科）在纬度上有很强的大小梯度。虽然系统发育位置是翼长的关键预测因子，但我们也发现，年平均气温每升高1°C，翼长就会减少32.4µm。这种模式在不同的分类群中都有发现，在所研究的24个属中有20个可以检测到。我们讨论了这种模式的成因及其古生态学意义。
The size of animals is a result of the complex interactions between the evolution of a group, the environment in which the animal lives, and its physiology. It has been known for a long time that warm-blooded animals (such as birds or mammals) become larger in colder climates. This phenomenon is called “Bergmann’s rule”, and it is caused by the necessity of the animals to produce and preserve their heat in colder climates. This is easier for larger animals, as they have a lower ratio of body surface area to body volume. In cold-blooded animals, such as insects, similar patterns have been found in some cases, but their origin is less clear. In this paper, we show a strong negative relationship between size and temperature in a large group of aquatic insects (non-biting midges). We found that wings of non-biting midges are shorter by 32.4 µm for every 1 °C of mean annual temperature increase. This finding is important for use of non-biting midges in monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and tracking global climate change. Size is one of the most outwardly obvious characteristics of animals, determined by multiple phylogenetic and environmental variables. Numerous hypotheses have been suggested to explain the relationship between the body size of animals and their geographic latitude. Bergmann’s Rule, describing a positive relationship between the body size of endothermic animals and their geographic latitude, is especially well known. Whether or not insects exhibit a similar pattern has long been a subject for debate. We hypothesize that latitudinal size gradients are coupled to temperature variation affecting the metabolic rate of these merolimnic insects. We showcase a strong latitudinal size gradient in non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), based on the examination of 4309 specimens of these midges from around the world. Although phylogenetic position was a key predictor of wing length, we also found that wing length decreases by 32.4 µm per every 1 °C of mean annual temperature increase. This pattern was found across different taxa and could be detected in 20 of 24 genera studied. We discuss the reasons for this pattern origin and its palaeoecological implications.
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