Ultrafast and Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization with Sterically Hindered Strong Bases

Ultrafast and Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization with Sterically Hindered Strong Bases
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位阻强碱的超快可控开环聚合

DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01571
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Waymouth, Robert M.
Waymouth, Robert M.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin, Binhong;Jadrich, Caleb N.;Pane, Vince E.;Arrechea, Pedro L.;Erdmann, Tim;Dausse, Charles;Hedrick, James L.;Park, Nathaniel H.;Waymouth, Robert M.

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在连续流动反应器中进行内酯和硅氧烷的受控阴离子开环聚合。环酯与可溶性强碱如叔丁醇钾(KOtBu)的阴离子开环聚合通常以间歇反应进行,主要由于酯交换反应导致宽分散性和对分子量(Mn)的差控制。虽然与强碱的反应会导致“不受控制的”聚合,但已经开发了各种过渡金属基和有机催化剂,目的是可靠地控制分散性和Mn。在本文中,我们表明,快速混合和短的停留时间可利用连续流动装置,可以使低反应性单体,如δ-戊内酯和ε-己内酯的控制聚合在毫秒的时间尺度上使用碱[如KOtBu或钾双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基(KHMDS)]结合伯醇。这些反应表现出能够产生具有可预测分子量的窄分散度的特性,并且可以快速产生具有低于0.1 s的停留时间的明确定义的嵌段共聚物。
The controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of lactones and siloxanes is carried out in continuous-flow reactors. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters with strong, soluble bases such as potassiumtert-butoxide (KOtBu) is typically performed as batch reactions, leading to broad dispersity and poor control over the molecular weight (Mn) mainly because of transesterification reactions. Although reactions with strong bases give rise to “uncontrolled” polymerizations, a variety of transition metal-based and organocatalysts have been developed with the goal of reliably controlling the dispersity andMn. Herein, we show that the rapid mixing and short residence times accessible with a continuous-flow apparatus can enable the controlled polymerization of low-reactivity monomers such as δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone on millisecond time scales using a base [such as KOtBu or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS)] in conjunction with a primary alcohol. These reactions exhibit characteristics capable of producing narrow dispersity with predictable molecular weights and can rapidly generate well-defined block copolymers with residence times below 0.1 s.
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