The evolution of employers' organisations in the United Kingdom: Extending countervailing power

The evolution of employers' organisations in the United Kingdom: Extending countervailing power
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英国雇主组织的演变:扩大反补贴力量

DOI:
10.1111/1748-8583.12193
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Gooberman L
Gooberman L
中科院分区:
管理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gooberman L

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抗衡力量的概念被用来表明,工会的力量解释了雇主组织的起源和发展。然而,自1970年代以来,工会已经衰落,但就业组织继续在就业关系中发挥重要作用。如果来自工会的压力不足以解释持续的雇主组织,那又是什么原因呢?本文通过研究20世纪60年代至2016年间英国EO的演变和活动来探讨这个问题。我们的反补贴权力论点不仅仅关注工会,还包括国家对EO的不断变化的压力和要求,如个人权利立法和民间社会组织的运动。这些社会压力所施加的不断变化的力量有助于解释为什么平等组织的重点从目前只有少数平等组织追求的集体谈判转向游说、提供服务、法律的支持和培训。
The concept of countervailing power has been used to suggest that the power of unions explains the origins and development of employers' organisations (EOs). However, unions have declined since the 1970s, but EOs continue to play an important role in employment relations. If pressure from unions is not sufficient to explain continuing employer organisation, what does account for it? This article pursues this question by examining the evolution and activity of UK EOs between the 1960s and 2016. Our countervailing power argument goes beyond a sole focus on unions to include changing pressures and demands on EOs caused by the state such as individual rights legislation and campaigns by civil society organisations. The changing force exerted by these societal pressures helps to explain the shift of EOs' focus from collective bargaining, nowadays only pursued by a minority of EOs, to lobbying, provision of services, legal support, and training.
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