Cumulative risk: toxicity and interactions of physical and chemical stressors.
Cumulative risk: toxicity and interactions of physical and chemical stressors.
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累积风险：物理和化学压力源的毒性和相互作用。
DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kft228
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Simmons,JaneEllen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rider,CynthiaV;Boekelheide,Kim;Catlin,Natasha;Gordon,ChristopherJ;Morata,Thais;Selgrade,MaryjaneK;Sexton,Kenneth;Simmons,JaneEllen
最近努力更新累积风险评估程序，将从身体到心理的非化学压力因素纳入其中，这反映出人们越来越关注影响人类健康的所有变量，越来越希望制定以社区为基础的风险评估方法。一个关键的障碍是不确定性如何非化学应激反应的关系，化学应激。物理应激源提供了一个合理的起点，测量非化学应激源的影响和化学效应的调制（反之亦然），因为它们明显不同于化学应激源;和“剂量”的许多物理应激源更容易量化比心理社会应激源。有一个普遍持有的信念，几乎没有什么是已知的化学介导的毒性或共同暴露于化学和非化学应激源的联合影响的非化学应激源的影响。虽然这通常是正确的，但也有一些情况下存在大量证据。在2013年毒理学学会年会上举行的题为“累积风险：物理和化学压力源的毒性和相互作用”的研讨会提供了一个论坛，讨论物理压力源毒性的研究，以及在接触和影响方面它们与化学压力源相互作用的已知情况。物理压力，包括阳光，热，辐射，传染病和噪音进行了讨论，在参考识别与化学压力，数据差距，并建议未来纳入累积风险评估的相互作用的途径。
Recent efforts to update cumulative risk assessment procedures to incorporate nonchemical stressors ranging from physical to psychosocial reflect increased interest in consideration of the totality of variables affecting human health and the growing desire to develop community-based risk assessment methods. A key roadblock is the uncertainty as to how nonchemical stressors behave in relationship to chemical stressors. Physical stressors offer a reasonable starting place for measuring the effects of nonchemical stressors and their modulation of chemical effects (and vice versa), as they clearly differ from chemical stressors; and “doses” of many physical stressors are more easily quantifiable than those of psychosocial stressors. There is a commonly held belief that virtually nothing is known about the impact of nonchemical stressors on chemically mediated toxicity or the joint impact of coexposure to chemical and nonchemical stressors. Although this is generally true, there are several instances where a substantial body of evidence exists. A workshop titled “Cumulative Risk: Toxicity and Interactions of Physical and Chemical Stressors” held at the 2013 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting provided a forum for discussion of research addressing the toxicity of physical stressors and what is known about their interactions with chemical stressors, both in terms of exposure and effects. Physical stressors including sunlight, heat, radiation, infectious disease, and noise were discussed in reference to identifying pathways of interaction with chemical stressors, data gaps, and suggestions for future incorporation into cumulative risk assessments.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph9020370
发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sexton K
通讯作者：
Sexton K