Staphylococcal enterotoxins.

Staphylococcal enterotoxins.
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DOI:
10.3390/toxins2082177
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发表时间:
2010-08
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Reyes VE
Reyes VE
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pinchuk IV;Beswick EJ;Reyes VE

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金黄色葡萄球菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)是一种革兰氏阳性细菌,大约三分之一的普通人口携带这种细菌,是常见和严重疾病的罪魁祸首。这些疾病包括食物中毒和中毒性休克综合征,它们是由金黄色葡萄球菌产生的外毒素引起的。在20多种葡萄球菌肠道毒素中,SEA和SEB是最具特征的,它们也被认为是超级抗原,因为它们能够与抗原呈递细胞上的II类MHC分子结合,并刺激大量T细胞共享T细胞受体β链上的可变区域。这种大量T细胞活化的结果是细胞因子大量涌入,导致急性中毒性休克。这些蛋白质具有高度的抗变性能力,这使得它们在受污染的食物中保持完整,并引发疾病暴发。一个公认的问题是金黄色葡萄球菌耐多药菌株的出现,这是临床环境中的一个问题,因为它们是住院患者抗生素相关性腹泻的常见原因。在这篇综述中,我们提供了目前对这些蛋白质的理解的概述。
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive bacterium that is carried by about one third of the general population and is responsible for common and serious diseases. These diseases include food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, which are caused by exotoxins produced by S. aureus. Of the more than 20 Staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA and SEB are the best characterized and are also regarded as superantigens because of their ability to bind to class II MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells and stimulate large populations of T cells that share variable regions on the β chain of the T cell receptor. The result of this massive T cell activation is a cytokine bolus leading to an acute toxic shock. These proteins are highly resistant to denaturation, which allows them to remain intact in contaminated food and trigger disease outbreaks. A recognized problem is the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus and these are a concern in the clinical setting as they are a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of these proteins.
II类主要组织相容性复合α和β链中的序列有助于超抗原毒性休克综合征毒素1的结合。
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