Molecular mechanisms of polyploidy and hybrid vigor.

Molecular mechanisms of polyploidy and hybrid vigor.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2009.12.003
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发表时间:
2010-02
影响因子:
20.5
通讯作者:
Chen, Z. Jeffrey
Chen, Z. Jeffrey
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Z. Jeffrey

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杂交种如玉米(Zea mays)或家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)比它们的父母长得更大更强壮。这对于异源多倍体如小麦(Triticum spp.)或青蛙(即非洲爪蟾和志留纪)含有两套或更多套来自不同物种的染色体。这种现象被称为杂种优势或杂种优势,由查尔斯达尔文(1876)系统地描述。世纪前对玉米杂种优势的重新发现使植物和动物的育种和生产发生了革命性的变化。尽管杂种优势的遗传模型已经被严格地检验过,但其分子基础仍然是难以捉摸的。最近的研究已经确定了非加性基因表达,小RNA和表观遗传调控,包括昼夜节律介导的代谢途径,在杂种优势和不相容性中的作用,这可能导致更好地利用和开发杂种和异源多倍体中增加的生物量和产量,用于食品,饲料和生物燃料。
Hybrids such as maize (Zea mays) or domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) grow bigger and stronger than their parents. This is also true for allopolyploids such as wheat (Triticum spp.) or frog (i.e. Xenopus and Silurana) that contain two or more sets of chromosomes from different species. The phenomenon, known as hybrid vigor or heterosis, was systematically characterized by Charles Darwin (1876). The rediscovery of heterosis in maize a century ago has revolutionized plant and animal breeding and production. Although genetic models for heterosis have been rigorously tested, the molecular bases remain elusive. Recent studies have determined the roles of nonadditive gene expression, small RNAs, and epigenetic regulation, including circadian-mediated metabolic pathways, in hybrid vigor and incompatibility, which could lead to better use and exploitation of the increased biomass and yield in hybrids and allopolyploids for food, feed, and biofuels.
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