Across the consciousness continuum-from unresponsive wakefulness to sleep.

Across the consciousness continuum-from unresponsive wakefulness to sleep.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2015.00105
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Schabus M
Schabus M
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blume C;Del Giudice R;Wislowska M;Lechinger J;Schabus M

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随着新范式的发展和神经成像技术的进步,我们可以推断出意识障碍患者的意识水平。此外,它们还可以预测它们可能的发展。今天,我们知道大脑对刺激的某些反应(例如,事件相关电位或振荡变化),昼夜节律,睡眠模式的存在或缺失以及静息状态大脑活动的测量可以用于诊断和预后评估过程。尽管如此,我们目前使用的范式不允许以期望的信度和效度来区分VS/UWS和最低意识状态(MCS)患者。此外,不幸的是,即使是相当成熟的方法,也还没有进入临床常规。在此,我们回顾了当前的文献以及我们小组的最新发现,并讨论了如何使用神经成像方法(fMRI, PET),特别是脑电图(EEG)来研究DOC中的认知甚至评估剩余意识的程度。此外,我们提出,在这种情况下,昼夜节律性和脑损伤患者的睡眠是有前途的研究领域。
Advances in the development of new paradigms as well as in neuroimaging techniques nowadays enable us to make inferences about the level of consciousness patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) retain. They, moreover, allow to predict their probable development. Today, we know that certain brain responses (e.g., event-related potentials or oscillatory changes) to stimulation, circadian rhythmicity, the presence or absence of sleep patterns as well as measures of resting state brain activity can serve the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation process. Still, the paradigms we are using nowadays do not allow to disentangle VS/UWS and minimally conscious state (MCS) patients with the desired reliability and validity. Furthermore, even rather well-established methods have, unfortunately, not found their way into clinical routine yet. We here review current literature as well as recent findings from our group and discuss how neuroimaging methods (fMRI, PET) and particularly electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to investigate cognition in DOC or even to assess the degree of residual awareness. We, moreover, propose that circadian rhythmicity and sleep in brain-injured patients are promising fields of research in this context.
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