The influence of gender and ethnicity on facemasks and respiratory protective equipment fit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The influence of gender and ethnicity on facemasks and respiratory protective equipment fit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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性别和种族对面对面和呼吸保护设备的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。
DOI：
10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005537
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Cheong Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chopra J;Abiakam N;Kim H;Metcalf C;Worsley P;Cheong Y
黑人、亚洲人和少数族裔（BAME）人群受到COVID-19的影响尤为严重。呼吸防护设备（RPE）传统上主要是为白人男性人口开发的，不代表医疗保健工作人员。对文献进行了审查，以确定对女性和BAME使用者提供的保护。检索了五个数据库。与呼吸器相关的合格研究符合人体测量学、性别和种族的背景。对基于性别的人体测量差异进行meta分析。没有执行先验协议注册。纳入32项研究，并从15项研究中提取人体测量数据。荟萃分析显示，女性的14项人体测量值明显小于男性。平均差异范围为0.37 mm至22.05 mm。基于性别的人体测量差异并不总是转化为较低的适合因素得分，有12项研究报告女性的表现和适合程度较差，10项研究报告没有性别影响。没有研究提供按族群分类的人体测量数据。在12个BAME或混合种族队列中，通过率（PR）低或中等。14项研究报告了面部尺寸（FD）与呼吸器适合度之间的关系。三项比较研究表明，选择性BAME人群的PR较低。18项研究报告RPE表现与模型和设计不同。大多数研究没有预先规定纳入/排除标准。样本量小，缺乏理由或功率计算是一个问题。研究设计的显著异质性限制了比较，特别是在呼吸器的选择或可用性以及定义与RPE表现相关的研究结果方面。文献报道的主要是高加索人或单一种族人口，而白种人的代表性仍然不足，限制了种族群体之间的比较。面部人体测量学因性别和种族而异，这可能导致女性和少数民族，尤其是亚洲人的PR较低。有必要进行研究，包括更广泛的种族范围，并在RPE发展过程中考虑到女性和BAME用户。
Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) has conventionally been developed for a predominantly white male population that does not represent the healthcare workforce. The literature was reviewed to determine the protection offered to female and BAME users. Five databases were searched. Eligible studies related to respirator fit in the context of anthropometrics, gender and ethnicity. Meta-analysis was performed for gender-based anthropometric differences. A priori protocol registration was not performed. 32 studies were included and anthropometric data was extracted from 15 studies. Meta-analysis revealed 14 anthropometric measurements were significantly smaller for females. Mean differences ranged from 0.37 mm to 22.05 mm. Gender-based anthropometric differences did not always translate to lower fit factor scores, with 12 studies reporting worse performance and fit for females and 10 reporting no gender effect. No studies provided disaggregate anthropometric data by ethnic group. Pass rates (PR) were low or moderate in 12 BAME or mixed-ethnicity cohorts. 14 studies reported associations between facial dimensions (FD) and respirator fit. Three comparative studies showed lower PR among selective BAME people. 18 studies reported RPE performance differed with model and design. Most studies did not prespecify inclusion/exclusion criteria. Small sample size and lack of justification or power calculations was a concern. Significant heterogeneity in study designs limited comparisons, particularly relating to respirator selection or availability and defining study outcomes relating to RPE performance. The literature reports on largely Caucasian or single ethnic populations, and BAME people remain under-represented, limiting comparisons between ethnic groups. Facial anthropometrics vary between gender and likely between ethnicity, which may contribute to lower PR among females and ethnic minorities, particularly Asians. There is a need for studies including a broader spectrum of ethnicities and for consideration of female and BAME users during RPE development.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Han, DH;Lee, J
通讯作者：
Lee, J
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Earle-Richardson, Giulia;Fiske, Todd;May, John
通讯作者：
May, John
影响因子：
2
作者：
Fakherpour A;Jahangiri M;Banaee S
通讯作者：
Banaee S
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Cherrie JW;Apsley A;Cowie H;Steinle S;Mueller W;Lin C;Horwell CJ;Sleeuwenhoek A;Loh M
通讯作者：
Loh M
DOI：
10.1080/0002889778507897
发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
影响因子：
--
作者：
HACK, AL;MCCONVILLE, JT
通讯作者：
MCCONVILLE, JT