A morphospace for reef fishes: elongation is the dominant axis of body shape evolution.
A morphospace for reef fishes: elongation is the dominant axis of body shape evolution.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0112732
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wainwright PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Claverie T;Wainwright PC
热带礁鱼被广泛认为是地球上形态最多样化的脊椎动物组合，但这种多样性的范围和模式仍有待发现。本研究建立了印度太平洋热带礁鱼56科2939种的形态空间，并建立了体型变化的主轴、这些模式的系统发育一致性，以及不同的潜在变化是否可以实现形状变化的优势模式。主成分分析显示，深身物种与细长形体物种的形状差异有一条主要轴。此外，使用自定义方法比较形态空间中每个家庭的伸长向量（最大伸长变形的轴）和形状变化的主要向量（第一主成分），我们发现三分之二的家庭沿着身体伸长轴多样化。最后，利用基于每个家族形状的第一主成分向量之间的角度的主坐标分析进行比较分析表明，家族通过广泛的潜在修改完成了伸长率的变化。一些类群，如Pomacentridae和Lethrinidae，在所有身体部位都呈比例增加的体深减少，而其他科（如Labridae）在所有组合中都表现出不成比例的头部长度变化，躯干或尾部区域（如Pempheridae和pinguipeddae）。总之，我们发现沿延伸轴的身体形状的进化变化主导了珊瑚鱼的多样化。这条轴上的形状变化被认为对游泳性能、对口型有限的捕食者的防御、吸力进食性能和进入一些高度专业化的栖息地有直接的影响。在伸长变化的基础上的形态修饰是高度多样化的，这表明了一系列发育过程和功能后果的作用。
Tropical reef fishes are widely regarded as being perhaps the most morphologically diverse vertebrate assemblage on earth, yet much remains to be discovered about the scope and patterns of this diversity. We created a morphospace of 2,939 species spanning 56 families of tropical Indo-Pacific reef fishes and established the primary axes of body shape variation, the phylogenetic consistency of these patterns, and whether dominant patterns of shape change can be accomplished by diverse underlying changes. Principal component analysis showed a major axis of shape variation that contrasts deep-bodied species with slender, elongate forms. Furthermore, using custom methods to compare the elongation vector (axis that maximizes elongation deformation) and the main vector of shape variation (first principal component) for each family in the morphospace, we showed that two thirds of the families diversify along an axis of body elongation. Finally, a comparative analysis using a principal coordinate analysis based on the angles among first principal component vectors of each family shape showed that families accomplish changes in elongation with a wide range of underlying modifications. Some groups such as Pomacentridae and Lethrinidae undergo decreases in body depth with proportional increases in all body regions, while other families show disproportionate changes in the length of the head (e.g., Labridae), the trunk or caudal region in all combinations (e.g., Pempheridae and Pinguipedidae). In conclusion, we found that evolutionary changes in body shape along an axis of elongation dominates diversification in reef fishes. Changes in shape on this axis are thought to have immediate implications for swimming performance, defense from gape limited predators, suction feeding performance and access to some highly specialized habitats. The morphological modifications that underlie changes in elongation are highly diverse, suggesting a role for a range of developmental processes and functional consequences.
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