Convergence, Hemiplasy, and Correlated Evolution Impact Morphological Diversity Related to a Web-Less Lifestyle in the Two-Clawed Spiders
Convergence, Hemiplasy, and Correlated Evolution Impact Morphological Diversity Related to a Web-Less Lifestyle in the Two-Clawed Spiders
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趋同、半发育和相关进化影响与二爪蜘蛛无网生活方式相关的形态多样性
DOI：
10.1093/isd/ixac020
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Esposito, ed., Lauren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.;Bougie, Tierney;Carboni, Martin;Hedin, Marshal;Ramírez, Martín J.;Esposito, ed., Lauren
独立进化多次的特征对于检验关于相关进化的假说和理解塑造生物多样性的力量是重要的。然而，群体遗传学过程可能导致半复制(由拓扑与物种树不匹配的基因决定的特征)，导致错误的趋同(同质性)印象，并可能误导相关进化的推论。在快速辐射和具有许多基因树不一致的分支的情况下，区分同型和半同型是很重要的。在这里，我们将重点放在双爪蜘蛛(狄奥尼卡)和近亲身上，我们评估是否可以更好地将观察到的与无网络生活方式相关的字符分布解释为同形、同形或半同形。我们发现，虽然有几个收敛，半平面有时也是可能的。我们讨论了这些半等位基因如何影响关于性状相关性和因果关系的推断。理解在生命树上何时何地可能发生半同质性是很重要的，防止对趋同进化的错误推断。此外，这一理解可以提供可以用独立数据进行检验的替代假设。利用与蜘蛛攀爬能力相关的特征，我们表明，当不太可能发生半血缘关系时，可以使用适当的模型测试来更好地理解相关进化，并提出了使用受控行为和机械实验进行检验的假设。
Traits that independently evolve many times are important for testing hypotheses about correlated evolution and understanding the forces shaping biodiversity. However, population genetics processes can cause hemiplasies (traits determined by genes whose topologies do not match the species tree), leading to a false impression of convergence (homoplasy) and potentially misleading inferences of correlated evolution. Discerning between homoplasies and hemiplasies can be important in cases of rapid radiations and clades with many gene tree incongruences. Here, focusing on two-clawed spiders (Dionycha) and close relatives, we evaluate if the observed distribution of characters related to a web-less lifestyle could be better explained as synapomorphies, homoplasies, or hemiplasies. We find that, although there are several convergences, hemiplasies are also sometimes probable. We discuss how these hemiplasies could affect inferences about correlation and causal relationship of traits. Understanding when and where in the tree of life hemiplasy could have happened is important, preventing false inference of convergent evolution. Furthermore, this understanding can provide alternative hypotheses that can be tested with independent data. Using traits related to the climbing ability of spiders we show that, when hemiplasy is unlikely, adequate model testing can be used to better understand correlated evolution, and propose hypotheses to be tested using controlled behavioral and mechanical experiments.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
W. Maddison
通讯作者：
W. Maddison
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Hibbins MS;Gibson MJ;Hahn MW
通讯作者：
Hahn MW
DOI：
10.1101/2020.11.04.368902
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Parins-Fukuchi;Gregory W. Stull;Stephen A. Smith
通讯作者：
C. Parins-Fukuchi;Gregory W. Stull;Stephen A. Smith
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Wolff JO;Nentwig W;Gorb SN
通讯作者：
Gorb SN
基因树和物种树——群体遗传学和系统学的相互影响和相互依存
DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00541.x
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
F. Zachos
通讯作者：
F. Zachos