Role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence.
Role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.005
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Sanders PW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aaron KJ;Sanders PW
这篇综述的目的是提供关于饮食盐和钾摄入量对人群血压、心血管疾病和死亡率影响的证据的综述。概述了饮食指南和建议，讨论了当前关于证据的争议，并根据证据提出了建议。设计的搜索策略被用来搜索各种数据库以寻找可用的研究。减少食盐和/或增加钾摄入量对血压、靶器官损害、心血管疾病和死亡率的影响的随机试验包括在内。1990年1月1日至2013年1月31日期间的52种出版物被确定纳入。这些研究的证据表明，高盐摄入量不仅会增加血压，而且在普通人群中还会导致内皮功能障碍、心血管结构和功能、蛋白尿和肾脏疾病的进展，以及心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。相反，饮食中的钾减弱了这些影响，显示出与中风发生率和心血管疾病风险的降低有关。不同的亚群，如超重和肥胖者和老年成年人，对盐摄入量减少的影响表现出更大的敏感性，可能获得最大的好处。在增加钾摄入量的同时适度限制盐的饮食是预防和/或控制高血压和降低心血管发病率和死亡率的一种策略。因此，证据支持全人群减少钠，并建议增加膳食中的钾，如当前指南所概述的，作为预防肾脏疾病、中风和心血管疾病的基本公共卫生努力。
The objective of this review is to provide a synthesis of the evidence on the effect of dietary salt and potassium intake on population blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Dietary guidelines and recommendations are outlined, current controversies regarding the evidence are discussed, and recommendations are made based on the evidence. Designed search strategies were used to search various databases for available studies. Randomized trials of the effect of dietary salt reduction and/or increased potassium intake on blood pressure, target organ damage, cardiovascular disease, and mortality were included. Fifty-two publications from January 1, 1990 to January 31, 2013 were identified for inclusion. Evidence from these studies demonstrate that a high salt intake not only increases blood pressure but also plays a role in endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular structure and function, albuminuria and kidney disease progression, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Conversely, dietary potassium attenuates these effects showing a linkage to reduction in stroke rates and cardiovascular disease risk. Various sub-populations, such as overweight and obese individuals and the aging adult, exhibit a greater sensitivity to the effects of reduced salt intake and may gain the most benefits. A diet that includes modest salt restriction while increasing potassium intake serves as a strategy to prevent and/or control hypertension and decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thus, the body of evidence supports population-wide sodium reduction and recommended increases in dietary potassium as outlined by current guidelines as an essential public health effort to prevent kidney disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease.
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影响因子：
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作者：
Cook, Nancy R.;Obarzanek, Eva;Cutler, Jeffrey A.;Buring, Julie E.;Rexrode, Kathryn M.;Kumanyika, Shiriki K.;Appel, Lawrence J.;Whelton, Paul K.
通讯作者：
Whelton, Paul K.
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4.9
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten