Age-dependent speciation can explain the shape of empirical phylogenies.

Age-dependent speciation can explain the shape of empirical phylogenies.
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年龄依赖性物种可以解释经验系统发育的形状。

DOI:
10.1093/sysbio/syv001
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发表时间:
2015-05
期刊:
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Stadler T
Stadler T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hagen O;Hartmann K;Steel M;Stadler T

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数以万计的系统发育树描述了数十万个分类群之间的进化关系,可以很容易地从各种数据库中获得。从这样的树,可以推断出潜在的宏观进化过程,但值得注意的是,这些过程仍然知之甚少。简单和广泛使用的进化零模型是有问题的:经验树显示出非常不同的祖先类群的子分支的大小之间的不平衡模型预测相比。获得一个简单的进化模型,既生物学上合理的,并产生在经验树中看到的不平衡是一个具有挑战性的问题,现有的模型都没有提供一个令人满意的答案。在这里,我们提出了一个简单的,生物学上合理的宏观进化模型,其中的物种形成率随物种年龄的增长而下降,而灭绝率可以变化相当普遍。我们表明,该模型提供了一个显着的适合存储在在线数据库Treebase中的数千棵树。确定的年龄依赖的物种形成过程的生物学动机可能是最近进化的类群往往殖民新的区域或生态位,最初可能经历很少的竞争。因此,这些新的分类群更有可能产生更多的新分类群,而不是一个基本上保持不变的分类群,因此,很好地适应了它的生态位。我们发现,年龄依赖的物种形成也可能是不同的种内种群遵循相同的谱系分裂规律产生新物种的结果。正如我们的模型与树数据库的拟合所示,这个简单的生物学动机为宏观进化中的一个长期存在的问题提供了解释。
Tens of thousands of phylogenetic trees, describing the evolutionary relationships between hundreds of thousands of taxa, are readily obtainable from various databases. From such trees, inferences can be made about the underlying macroevolutionary processes, yet remarkably these processes are still poorly understood. Simple and widely used evolutionary null models are problematic: Empirical trees show very different imbalance between the sizes of the daughter clades of ancestral taxa compared to what models predict. Obtaining a simple evolutionary model that is both biologically plausible and produces the imbalance seen in empirical trees is a challenging problem, to which none of the existing models provide a satisfying answer. Here we propose a simple, biologically plausible macroevolutionary model in which the rate of speciation decreases with species age, whereas extinction rates can vary quite generally. We show that this model provides a remarkable fit to the thousands of trees stored in the online database TreeBase. The biological motivation for the identified age-dependent speciation process may be that recently evolved taxa often colonize new regions or niches and may initially experience little competition. These new taxa are thus more likely to give rise to further new taxa than a taxon that has remained largely unchanged and is, therefore, well adapted to its niche. We show that age-dependent speciation may also be the result of different within-species populations following the same laws of lineage splitting to produce new species. As the fit of our model to the tree database shows, this simple biological motivation provides an explanation for a long standing problem in macroevolution.
DOI: 10.1038/nature08630
发表时间: 2010-01-21
期刊: NATURE
影响因子: 64.8
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