Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes
Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes
复制标题
全球城市交通：不同交通方式的国际比较
DOI：
10.1038/s42949-021-00020-2
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Levinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hao Wu;Paolo Avner;G. Boisjoly;C. K. Braga;A. El;Jie Huang;Tamara Kerzhner;Brendan Murphy;Michael A. Niedzielski;R. Pereira;J. Pritchard;Anson F. Stewart;Jiaoe Wang;D. Levinson
交通（到达有价值的目的地的便利性）是由土地使用和交通基础设施支撑的。人们越来越认识到交通、可持续性和城市经济的重要性。特别是，获取提供了一个普遍的衡量单位，以审查城市的运输和土地使用系统的效率。本文利用4种不同交通方式的30分钟累计上班时间，考察了全球都市圈（城市）人口加权可达性与都市人口之间的关系；包括来自6大洲16个国家的117个城市。美国城市密集的道路网络造成了相对于其规模而言适度的汽车通道，但美国城市在交通和步行通道方面落后于全球；澳大利亚和加拿大城市的汽车通达率较低，但公交通达率优于美国城市；紧凑的发展与密集的网络相结合，使其成为中国和欧洲同等规模城市中最高的接入城市。因此，密度和流动性共同产生了更好的通道。本文发现，就业机会随人口增长呈亚线性增长，因此，大都市人口增加一倍导致就业机会增加不到一倍。人口与可及性之间的关系具有区域、国家和城市的特征，同一国家的城市之间存在显著的相似性。
Access (the ease of reaching valued destinations) is underpinned by land use and transport infrastructure. The importance of access in transport, sustainability, and urban economics is increasingly recognized. In particular, access provides a universal unit of measurement to examine cities for the efficiency of transport and land-use systems. This paper examines the relationship between population-weighted access and metropolitan population in global metropolitan areas (cities) using 30-min cumulative access to jobs for 4 different modes of transport; 117 cities from 16 countries and 6 continents are included. Sprawling development with the intensive road network in American cities produces modest automobile access relative to their sizes, but American cities lag behind globally in transit and walking access; Australian and Canadian cities have lower automobile access, but better transit access than American cities; combining compact development with an intensive network produces the highest access in Chinese and European cities for their sizes. Hence density and mobility co-produce better access. This paper finds access to jobs increases with populations sublinearly, so doubling the metropolitan population results in less than double access to jobs. The relationship between population and access characterizes regions, countries, and cities, and significant similarities exist between cities from the same country.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Osland L
通讯作者：
Osland L