Tissue-specific functions of invariant natural killer T cells.

Tissue-specific functions of invariant natural killer T cells.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41577-018-0034-2
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发表时间:
2018-09
期刊:
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kronenberg M
Kronenberg M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crosby CM;Kronenberg M

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不变的自然杀伤T细胞(iNKT细胞)是一种先天性T细胞亚群,表达不变的T细胞受体(TCR)α链,并识别CD 1d上呈递的脂质。它们分泌不同的细胞因子,可以影响许多类型的免疫反应。尽管具有高度相似的T细胞受体特异性,iNKT细胞在胸腺中分化成与辅助性T细胞1(TH 1)、TH 2和TH 17细胞亚群类似的不同亚群。还描述了可能需要外周活化的其他iNKT细胞亚群,包括产生IL-10的细胞亚群。一般来说,iNKT细胞是非循环的、组织驻留的淋巴细胞,但是不同的iNKT细胞亚群的流行率在组织之间显著不同。在这里,我们总结了iNKT细胞在四个组织中的功能,它们是普遍存在的,即肝脏,肺,脂肪组织和肠。重要的是,我们解释了每个部位的局部iNKT细胞反应如何有助于组织稳态和保护免受感染,但也可能导致组织炎症和损伤。
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are an innate-like T cell subset that expresses an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognizes lipids presented on CD1d. They secrete diverse cytokines and can influence many types of immune responses. Despite having highly similar T cell receptor specificities, iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus into distinct subsets that are analogous to T helper 1 (TH1), TH2 and TH17 cell subsets. Additional iNKT cell subsets that may require peripheral activation have also been described, including one that produces IL-10. In general, iNKT cells are non-circulating, tissue-resident lymphocytes, but the prevalence of different iNKT cell subsets differs markedly between tissues. Here, we summarize the functions of iNKT cells in four tissues in which they are prevalent, namely, the liver, the lungs, adipose tissue and the intestine. Importantly, we explain how local iNKT cell responses at each site contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from infection but can also contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.
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