Quartz fluid inclusion abundance and off-fault damage in a deeply exhumed, strike-slip, seismogenic fault

Quartz fluid inclusion abundance and off-fault damage in a deeply exhumed, strike-slip, seismogenic fault
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深部挖掘、走滑、发震断层中的石英流体包裹体丰度和断层外损伤

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104118
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Gerbi, Christopher C.
Gerbi, Christopher C.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song, Won Joon;Johnson, Scott E.;Gerbi, Christopher C.

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断层外损伤区包括断层动态滑动面周围高度破碎的岩石。这些损伤区通过改变体弹性性质和调制流体流动来修改断层带流变学和破裂动力学。脆性上地壳中的损伤区宽度大于100 m,通常通过测量断裂密度来表征,但由于地震后和地震间的粘滞/塑性变形,确定深掘断层中的断层外损伤程度具有挑战性。我们测量了一个古老的地震走滑断层/剪切带在~400-500 °C下变形的石英中的流体包裹体丰度,以评估它是否可以作为损伤带宽度的代表。与上地壳断裂带愈合微裂缝密度呈现高-低趋势相反,剪切带流体包裹体丰度从岩芯向围岩呈现低-高-低趋势。我们发现这种模式可以通过同震变形后重结晶去除流体包裹体来解释,允许我们使用流体包裹体丰度来测量损伤区的范围,该范围距离剪切带核心>~80 m(低-高丰度区域)。我们的研究结果表明,广泛的同震破坏区可能会从地球表面延伸到基地的孕震区,以及在摩擦粘性过渡。
Off-fault damage zones comprise highly fractured rocks surrounding the dynamic slip surface of faults. These damage zones modify fault-zone rheology and rupture dynamics by changing the bulk elastic properties and modulating fluid flow. Damage zones in the brittle upper crust, reaching widths >100 m, are commonly characterized by measuring fracture density, but identifying the extent of off-fault damage in deeply exhumed faults is challenging due to post- and inter-seismic viscous/plastic deformation. We measured fluid inclusion abundance in quartz deformed at ~400–500 °C from an ancient seismogenic strike-slip fault/shear zone to evaluate whether it can be a proxy for damage-zone width. In contrast to upper crustal fault zones displaying a high-low trend of healed microfracture density, the shear zone has a low-high-low trend of fluid inclusion abundance from the core toward the host rock. We find that pattern explicable through removal of fluid inclusions by recrystallization after co-seismic deformation, allowing us to use fluid inclusion abundance to measure damage zone extent, which is >~80 m (the low-high abundance region) from the shear zone core. Our findings indicate that extensive co-seismic damage zones may extend from Earth's surface to the base of the seismogenic zone, well within the frictional-to-viscous transition.
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