Seizing control: How dense granule effector proteins enable Toxoplasma to take charge.
Seizing control: How dense granule effector proteins enable Toxoplasma to take charge.
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夺取控制：致密颗粒效应蛋白如何使弓形虫占据主导地位。
DOI：
10.1111/mmi.14679
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Boothroyd JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Panas MW;Boothroyd JC
对顶复门寄生虫刚地弓形虫细胞内生长的宿主细胞的控制是至关重要的。为了实现这一目标，这些单细胞真核生物从细胞器中输出一系列被称为“致密颗粒”的效应蛋白，这些效应蛋白干扰正常的细胞过程和对入侵的反应。虽然发现一些效应器附着在弓形虫速殖子所在的寄生虫液泡（PV）的外表面，但其他效应器存在于宿主细胞的细胞质中，还有一些效应器进入宿主细胞核，在那里它们改变宿主的转录。在严重改变的过程中有先天免疫反应，宿主细胞周期和与宿主细胞器的关联。这些重要的过程是通过大量的效应器的协调行动改变的方式是优雅的，因为它是复杂的，是下面的审查的中心焦点，我们还讨论了最近的进展，我们的理解致密颗粒效应蛋白是如何贩运出PV。弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）是一种单细胞寄生虫，它通过一系列的空泡膜转运蛋白和空泡膜粘附蛋白来调控宿主的免疫应答、细胞周期和细胞器结合等重要细胞过程。在这里，我们专注于我们的理解如何“GRA”效应器分泌的寄生虫的密集颗粒交通或超越PVM和他们的影响，一旦在他们的最终目的地。
Control of the host cell is crucial to the Apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, while it grows intracellularly. To achieve this goal, these single-celled eukaryotes export a series of effector proteins from organelles known as “dense granules” that interfere with normal cellular processes and responses to invasion. While some effectors are found attached to the outer surface of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in which Toxoplasma tachyzoites reside, others are found in the host cell’s cytoplasm and yet others make their way into the host nucleus, where they alter host transcription. Among the processes that are severely altered are innate immune responses, host cell cycle and association with host organelles. The ways in which these crucial processes are altered through the coordinated action of a large collection of effectors is as elegant as it is complex, and is the central focus of the following review; we also discuss recent advances in our understanding of how dense granule effector proteins are trafficked out of the PV. The single celled parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, deploys a series of parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM)-transiting and PVM-attached effector proteins to control key host cellular processes, including innate immune responses, host cell cycle and association with host organelles. Here, we focus on advances in our understanding of how “GRA” effectors secreted from the parasite’s dense granules traffic to or beyond the PVM and the impacts they have once at their final destination.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.20160340
发表时间：
2016-08-22
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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