Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Declining Rates of Chronic and Recurrent Infection and Their Possible Role in the Origins of Non-communicable Diseases.
Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Declining Rates of Chronic and Recurrent Infection and Their Possible Role in the Origins of Non-communicable Diseases.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00268-017-4389-5
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
De Maio A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickler SW;Wang A;Amin S;Halbach J;Lizardo R;Cauvi DM;De Maio A
动脉粥样硬化和癌症等非传染性疾病是全世界的主要死因。非传染性疾病的一个重要但解释不清的流行病学特征是，低收入国家欠发达地区的发病率较低，而城市地区的发病率不断上升。为了更好地了解城市化如何增加非传染性疾病的发病率，我们概述了撒哈拉以南非洲的城市化进程，讨论了农村和城市人口之间的基因表达差异，并审查了目前的非传染性疾病决定因素模型。最后，我们确定了研究重点。慢性和复发性感染率下降是撒哈拉以南非洲城市化的标志。基因图谱研究表明，城市化导致复杂的分子变化，几乎三分之一的外周血白细胞转录组发生改变。目前的非传染性疾病决定因素模型可以通过纳入感染率下降和随着城市化而增加的疾病谱扩大的可能影响来改进。撒哈拉以南非洲的城市化为研究环境影响疾病流行病学的机制提供了一个独特的机会。研究重点包括：1）研究确定感染与非传染性疾病风险因素之间的关系，2）解释农村和城市人口之间观察到的炎症反应差异，3）确定模拟城市化发生的生物变化的动物模型。更好地了解城市化过程中发生的生物变化，可以为高收入国家的一些最常见的外科疾病制定新的预防和治疗战略。
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as atherosclerosis and cancers, are a leading cause of death worldwide. An important, yet poorly explained epidemiological feature of NCDs is their low incidence in under developed areas of low-income countries and rising rates in urban areas. With the goal of better understanding how urbanization increases the incidence of NCDs we provide an overview of the urbanization process in sub-Saharan Africa, discuss gene expression differences between rural and urban populations, and review the current NCD determinant model. We conclude by identifying research priorities. Declining rates of chronic and recurrent infection are the hallmark of urbanization in sub- Saharan Africa. Gene profiling studies show urbanization results in complex molecular changes, with almost one-third of the peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome altered. The current NCD determinant model could be improved by including a possible effect from declining rates of infection and expanding the spectrum of diseases that increase with urbanization. Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanism by which the environment influences disease epidemiology. Research priorities include: 1) studies to define the relationship between infection and risk factors for NCDs, 2) explaining the observed differences in the inflammatory response between rural and urban populations, and 3) identification of animal models that simulate the biological changes that occurs with urbanization. A better understanding of the biological changes that occur with urbanization could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for some of the most common surgical diseases in high-income countries.
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影响因子：
9.6
作者：
AJAO, OG
通讯作者：
AJAO, OG
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Burkitt, D P
通讯作者：
Burkitt, D P
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
DuBois, Raymond N.
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Finlay BB
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Briggs, Neima;Weatherhead, Jill;Hotez, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Hotez, Peter J.