Threat, Coping, and Social Distance Adherence During COVID-19: Cross-Continental Comparison Using an Online Cross-Sectional Survey.
Threat, Coping, and Social Distance Adherence During COVID-19: Cross-Continental Comparison Using an Online Cross-Sectional Survey.
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DOI：
10.2196/23019
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发表时间：
2020-11-18
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Yim D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Hasan A;Khuntia J;Yim D
社交距离是全球各国政府实施的有效COVID-19预防政策。然而，观察到个人和国家之间在遵守社交距离方面存在显着差异。由于缺乏治疗，快速传播和COVID-19的流行，与疾病相关的恐慌和恐惧造成了巨大的压力。随后的影响将是不同的个人采取不同的应对和缓解策略来应对这种情况。本研究旨在探讨威胁和应对评估过程如何作为信息与公民遵守COVID-19相关建议之间的机制（即信息来源和社交媒体如何影响COVID-19的威胁和应对评估过程，以及威胁和应对评估过程如何影响对政策指导方针的遵守）。此外，本研究旨在探讨三个不同国家（美国，科威特和韩国）的公民，随机抽样，有效地使用的机制。一家全球公司于2020年5月从162名美国公民、185名科威特公民和71名韩国公民中随机抽样收集了在线调查数据，并进行了分析，总样本量为418。一个看似无关的回归模型，控制几个反事实，用于分析。使用参数估计值之间的加权距离比较了这三个国家的研究重点估计效应。看似不相关的回归模型估计结果表明，总体而言，COVID-19大流行的信息源使用强度对疾病的威胁评估产生了积极影响（P<.001）。此外，社交媒体对COVID-19大流行的使用强度对疾病的应对评估产生了积极影响（P<.001）。更高的COVID-19威胁评估对社交距离依从性有积极影响（P<.001）。更高的COVID-19应对评估对社交距离依从性有积极影响（P<.001）。COVID-19知识的较高强度对社交距离的依从性产生积极影响（P<.001）。在国家一级存在差异。总的来说，我们发现美国在利用信息威胁和应对评估遵守过程方面的结果比韩国和科威特更好，这表明美国和韩国等国家的个人在做出任何决定之前可能会更务实地评估情况。这项研究的结果表明，中介的威胁和应对策略是必不可少的，在不同的影响，塑造的信息和社会媒体策略的坚持结果。因此，协调公共服务公告沿着主流媒体（如电视和报纸）以及社交媒体（如Facebook和Twitter）等信息来源渠道，以告知公民，同时提供有关威胁和应对评估的平衡信息，对于实施交错的社交距离和庇护战略至关重要。
Social distancing is an effective preventative policy for COVID-19 that is enforced by governments worldwide. However, significant variations are observed in adherence to social distancing across individuals and countries. Due to the lack of treatment, rapid spread, and prevalence of COVID-19, panic and fear associated with the disease causes great stress. Subsequent effects will be a variation around the coping and mitigation strategies for different individuals following different paths to manage the situation. This study aims to explore how threat and coping appraisal processes work as mechanisms between information and citizens’ adherence to COVID-19–related recommendations (ie, how the information sources and social media influence threat and coping appraisal processes with COVID-19 and how the threat and coping appraisal processes influence adherence to policy guidelines). In addition, this study aims to explore how citizens in three different countries (the United States, Kuwait, and South Korea), randomly sampled, are effectively using the mechanisms. Randomly sampled online survey data collected by a global firm in May 2020 from 162 citizens of the United States, 185 of Kuwait, and 71 of South Korea were analyzed, resulting in a total sample size of 418. A seemingly unrelated regression model, controlling for several counterfactuals, was used for analysis. The study’s focal estimated effects were compared across the three countries using the weighted distance between the parameter estimates. The seemingly unrelated regression model estimation results suggested that, overall, the intensity of information source use for the COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced the threat appraisal for the disease (P<.001). Furthermore, the intensity of social media use for the COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced the coping appraisal for the disease (P<.001). Higher COVID-19 threat appraisal had a positive effect on social distancing adherence (P<.001). Higher COVID-19 coping appraisal had a positive effect on social distancing adherence (P<.001). Higher intensity of COVID-19 knowledge positively influenced social distancing adherence (P<.001). There were country-level variations. Broadly, we found that the United States had better results than South Korea and Kuwait in leveraging the information to threat and coping appraisal to the adherence process, indicating that individuals in countries like the United States and South Korea may be more pragmatic to appraise the situation before making any decisions. This study’s findings suggest that the mediation of threat and coping strategies are essential, in varying effects, to shape the information and social media strategies for adherence outcomes. Accordingly, coordinating public service announcements along with information source outlets such as mainstream media (eg, TV and newspaper) as well as social media (eg, Facebook and Twitter) to inform citizens and, at the same time, deliver balanced messages about the threat and coping appraisal is critical in implementing a staggered social distancing and sheltering strategy.
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