The effect of disgust and fear modeling on children's disgust and fear for animals.
The effect of disgust and fear modeling on children's disgust and fear for animals.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037228
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Reynolds, Gemma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Askew, Chris;Cakir, Kuebra;Poldsam, Liine;Reynolds, Gemma
厌恶是一种保护性情绪，与某些类型的动物恐惧有关。考虑到厌恶的主要功能是防止伤害，增加儿童对动物的厌恶相关信念可能会影响他们对动物的威胁程度以及他们对动物的回避。儿童对动物的厌恶信念可能改变的一种方式是通过替代学习：通过观察其他人对动物的厌恶反应。在实验1中，向7-10岁的儿童展示新奇动物的图像和成人厌恶的面孔。与未配对的对照动物相比，这些厌恶配对的动物的儿童恐惧信念和回避偏好有所增加。实验二采用相同的方法，比较了厌恶面孔的替代学习和恐惧面孔的替代学习。由于厌恶替代学习，儿童的恐惧信念和对动物的回避偏好再次增加，并且看到带有厌恶或恐惧面孔的动物也被评为比对照动物更令人厌恶。增加的恐惧信念和对动物的回避偏好之间的关系是由对动物的厌恶介导的。实验表明，在观察到成年人对动物的厌恶反应后，孩子们可以学会相信动物是令人厌恶和具有威胁性的。研究结果还表明，恐惧和厌恶之间存在双向关系，与恐惧相关的替代学习导致对动物的厌恶增加，而与厌恶相关的替代学习导致恐惧和回避增加。
Disgust is a protective emotion associated with certain types of animal fears. Given that a primary function of disgust is to protect against harm, increasing children’s disgust-related beliefs for animals may affect how threatening they think animals are and their avoidance of them. One way that children’s disgust beliefs for animals might change is via vicarious learning: by observing others responding to the animal with disgust. In Experiment 1, children (ages 7–10 years) were presented with images of novel animals together with adult faces expressing disgust. Children’s fear beliefs and avoidance preferences increased for these disgust-paired animals compared with unpaired control animals. Experiment 2 used the same procedure and compared disgust vicarious learning with vicarious learning with fear faces. Children’s fear beliefs and avoidance preferences for animals again increased as a result of disgust vicarious learning, and animals seen with disgust or fear faces were also rated more disgusting than control animals. The relationship between increased fear beliefs and avoidance preferences for animals was mediated by disgust for the animals. The experiments demonstrate that children can learn to believe that animals are disgusting and threatening after observing an adult responding with disgust toward them. The findings also suggest a bidirectional relationship between fear and disgust with fear-related vicarious learning leading to increased disgust for animals and disgust-related vicarious learning leading to increased fear and avoidance.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
BERGER, SM
通讯作者：
BERGER, SM
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Askew, Chris;Kessock-Philip, Hannah;Field, Andy P.
通讯作者：
Field, Andy P.
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
de Jong, PJ;Muris, P
通讯作者：
Muris, P
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Dubi, Kathrin;Rapee, Ronald M.;Schniering, Carolyn A.
通讯作者：
Schniering, Carolyn A.
DOI：
10.1016/0146-6402(88)90014-8
发表时间：
1988-01-01
期刊：
ADVANCES IN BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BAEYENS, F;CROMBEZ, G;EELEN, P
通讯作者：
EELEN, P