Strategic Pauses Relieve Listeners from the Effort of Listening to Fast Speech: Data Limited and Resource Limited Processes in Narrative Recall by Adult Users of Cochlear Implants.
Strategic Pauses Relieve Listeners from the Effort of Listening to Fast Speech: Data Limited and Resource Limited Processes in Narrative Recall by Adult Users of Cochlear Implants.
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DOI：
10.1177/23312165231203514
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wingfield, Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Leary, Ryan M.;Neukam, Jonathan;Hansen, Thomas A.;Kinney, Alexander J.;Capach, Nicole;Svirsky, Mario A.;Wingfield, Arthur
通过时间压缩被人为加速的语音在回忆语音内容方面产生了显著的缺陷。对于植入人工耳蜗术(CI)的成年人来说尤其如此。在感知水平上，这种缺陷可能是由于CI信号的急剧退化，以及压缩语音的丰富度降低所致。在认知层面上，时间压缩语音的快速性会剥夺听者在以正常语速传输语音时通常可用的处理时间。报道了两个实验。实验1是对27名听力正常的年轻人进行的，作为概念验证的证明，通过在时间压缩叙事中的语言显著点处插入沉默停顿来恢复失去的加工时间(时间恢复)将回忆准确率恢复到接近正常语速的水平。10声道和6声道的噪声声码器降低了时间恢复的有效性。瞳孔扩大表明，参与者在试图处理时间压缩的叙述时花费了额外的努力，对资源的努力需求随着时间的恢复而减少。在实验2中，使用相同(非语音编码)材料测试的15名成年CI用户显示出类似的行为和瞳孔反应模式，但值得注意的例外是，随着时间恢复而有意义的回忆准确性的恢复仅限于一组CI用户，他们的工作记忆广度更好，单词和句子识别成绩更好。结果讨论了在数据有限和资源有限的过程中，成年人工耳蜗使用者的感觉-认知交互作用。
Speech that has been artificially accelerated through time compression produces a notable deficit in recall of the speech content. This is especially so for adults with cochlear implants (CI). At the perceptual level, this deficit may be due to the sharply degraded CI signal, combined with the reduced richness of compressed speech. At the cognitive level, the rapidity of time-compressed speech can deprive the listener of the ordinarily available processing time present when speech is delivered at a normal speech rate. Two experiments are reported. Experiment 1 was conducted with 27 normal-hearing young adults as a proof-of-concept demonstration that restoring lost processing time by inserting silent pauses at linguistically salient points within a time-compressed narrative (“time-restoration”) returns recall accuracy to a level approximating that for a normal speech rate. Noise vocoder conditions with 10 and 6 channels reduced the effectiveness of time-restoration. Pupil dilation indicated that additional effort was expended by participants while attempting to process the time-compressed narratives, with the effortful demand on resources reduced with time restoration. In Experiment 2, 15 adult CI users tested with the same (unvocoded) materials showed a similar pattern of behavioral and pupillary responses, but with the notable exception that meaningful recovery of recall accuracy with time-restoration was limited to a subgroup of CI users identified by better working memory spans, and better word and sentence recognition scores. Results are discussed in terms of sensory-cognitive interactions in data-limited and resource-limited processes among adult users of cochlear implants.
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