Structure and Mechanics of Dynein Motors.

Structure and Mechanics of Dynein Motors.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-biophys-111020-101511
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发表时间:
2021-05-06
影响因子:
12.4
通讯作者:
Yildiz A
Yildiz A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Canty JT;Tan R;Kusakci E;Fernandes J;Yildiz A

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动力蛋白组成了一个AAA+马达家族,它们向微管的负端移动。胞质动力蛋白负责间期细胞内货物的运输,并在细胞分裂过程中调节纺锤体组装和染色体定位。其他动力蛋白亚型以纤毛和强力纤毛搏动运输货物。动力蛋白是细胞骨架发动机中研究最少的,这是由于在体外重建活性动力蛋白复合体方面的挑战,以及缺乏深入研究这些发动机的结构和生物物理特性的高分辨率方法。这些挑战最近得到了解决,我们对动力蛋白的激活、机制和调节的理解也取得了重大进展。本文综述了每类动力蛋白马达的结构和生物物理研究结果。我们强调了几个突出的问题,关于微管双向运输的调节和维持运动纤毛内自协调振荡的机制。
Dyneins make up a family of AAA+ motors that move toward the minus end of microtubules. Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for transporting intracellular cargos in interphase cells and mediating spindle assembly and chromosome positioning during cell division. Other dynein isoforms transport cargos in cilia and power ciliary beating. Dyneins were the least studied of the cytoskeletal motors due to challenges in the reconstitution of active dynein complexes in vitro and the scarcity of high-resolution methods for in-depth structural and biophysical characterization of these motors. These challenges have been recently addressed, and there have been major advances in our understanding of the activation, mechanism, and regulation of dyneins. This review synthesizes the results of structural and biophysical studies for each class of dynein motors. We highlight several outstanding questions about the regulation of bidirectional transport along microtubules and the mechanisms that sustain self-coordinated oscillations within motile cilia.
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