Institutions, parasites and the persistence of in-group preferences.

Institutions, parasites and the persistence of in-group preferences.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0063642
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Henrich J
Henrich J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hruschka DJ;Henrich J

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许多研究已经证实,投资于自己的内部群体的动机存在可靠的跨人群差异。我们比较了基于(1)有效的大规模机构和(2)病原体威胁的两种当前的历史进化假设,通过分析以三种方式测量的群体内偏好的跨国差异(N = 122)。我们发现,即使在控制病原体压力和世界区域,评估反向因果关系,并通过工具变量分析提供内生性检查的情况下,政府机构的有效性也与偏袒群体内成员相关。相反,当控制政府有效性时,病原体压力与群体内偏爱表现出不一致的关联。此外,在世界主要地区,病原体压力与群体内偏爱几乎没有关联,而政府效率与群体内偏爱有关联。这些结果表明,在当代民族国家中,群体内偏好的变化更符合对满足基本需求的制度的普遍反应,而不是专门针对病原体的进化反应。
Much research has established reliable cross-population differences in motivations to invest in one’s in-group. We compare two current historical-evolutionary hypotheses for this variation based on (1) effective large-scale institutions and (2) pathogen threats by analyzing cross-national differences (N = 122) in in-group preferences measured in three ways. We find that the effectiveness of government institutions correlates with favoring in-group members, even when controlling for pathogen stress and world region, assessing reverse causality, and providing a check on endogeneity with an instrumental variable analysis. Conversely, pathogen stress shows inconsistent associations with in-group favoritism when controlling for government effectiveness. Moreover, pathogen stress shows little to no association with in-group favoritism within major world regions whereas government effectiveness does. These results suggest that variation in in-group preferences across contemporary nation-states is more consistent with a generalized response to institutions that meet basic needs rather than an evolved response dedicated to pathogens.
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