Self-organization versus top-down planning in the evolution of a city.

Self-organization versus top-down planning in the evolution of a city.
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DOI:
10.1038/srep02153
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Gribaudi, Maurizio
Gribaudi, Maurizio
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barthelemy, Marc;Bordin, Patricia;Berestycki, Henri;Gribaudi, Maurizio

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中央自上而下的规划干预严重限制了对城市动态建模的可能性。一个例子是巴黎(法国),它在19世纪经历了由中央当局监督的大规模修改,即“奥斯曼时期”。在这篇文章中,我们报告了一个200多年(1789-2010)巴黎街道网络演变的实证分析。研究表明,通常的网络测度表现出平滑行为,中心规划最重要的定量特征是中心性的空间重组和块状分布的改变。这样的效果只能通过大规模的结构修改来实现,即不受现有几何形状限制的新道路的创建。因此,城市的演变似乎是连续的、局部的增长过程和在大空间尺度上运作的准时变化的叠加的结果。
Interventions of central, top-down planning are serious limitations to the possibility of modelling the dynamics of cities. An example is the city of Paris (France), which during the 19th century experienced large modifications supervised by a central authority, the ‘Haussmann period’. In this article, we report an empirical analysis of more than 200 years (1789–2010) of the evolution of the street network of Paris. We show that the usual network measures display a smooth behavior and that the most important quantitative signatures of central planning is the spatial reorganization of centrality and the modification of the block shape distribution. Such effects can only be obtained by structural modifications at a large-scale level, with the creation of new roads not constrained by the existing geometry. The evolution of a city thus seems to result from the superimposition of continuous, local growth processes and punctual changes operating at large spatial scales.
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期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW E
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