Coadaptation of offspring begging and parental provisioning--an evolutionary ecological perspective on avian family life.
Coadaptation of offspring begging and parental provisioning--an evolutionary ecological perspective on avian family life.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0070463
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Müller W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estramil N;Eens M;Müller W
子女乞讨和父母供养是父母照料期间表现出来的两种核心社会行为。这两种行为相互影响，因此，假设它们最终应该变得(基因)相关，并由父母和/或后代的健康成本稳定下来。通过互换金丝雀(Serinus Canaria)的整个离合器，我们测试了(1)这些行为之间是否存在协变，以及(2)由交叉饲养引入的不匹配是否会带来成本。在标准化的乞讨测试中对乞讨进行评分，并通过(A)实际喂食率和(B)寄养雏鸟的生长速度作为替代来衡量父母的供应。成本是根据未来对后续产卵和后代生长的生殖投资确定的。以生长率为指标时，子代乞讨与亲代摄食之间存在显著的正向协方差，亲代摄食率的协方差较小。雌性父母在喂养比自己的雏鸟要求更高的寄养雏鸟时，未来不会遭受任何生殖成本。无论是在所有后代中测量的生长，还是在成年雌性后代中测量的生殖投资，都不受它们乞讨行为的影响。然而，雌性后代的生殖投资往往取决于其养父母的父母素质。因此，后代可能只能在其养父母的慷慨限度内获取资源。这表明了父母对取食的控制，这也得到了后代乞讨和父母取食之间的正向协变的支持。
Offspring begging and parental provisioning are the two central social behaviours expressed during the period of parental care. Both behaviours influence each other and it is, therefore, hypothesized that they should ultimately become (genetically) correlated, stabilized by fitness costs to parents and/or offspring. By reciprocally exchanging entire clutches in canaries (Serinus canaria), we tested (1) whether there is covariation between these behaviours and (2) whether a mismatch - as introduced by cross-fostering - entails costs. Begging was scored in a standardized begging test and parental provisioning was measured via (a) the actual feeding rate and (b) using the growth rate of the foster nestlings as a proxy. Costs were established in terms of future reproductive investment in subsequent clutches and offspring growth. We found a positive and significant phenotypic covariation between offspring begging and parental feeding when using the growth rate as a proxy and, to a lesser extent, in case of the parental feeding rate. Female parents suffered no future reproductive costs when feeding foster nestlings that were more demanding than their own nestlings. Neither growth measured amongst all offspring nor the reproductive investment measured amongst the female offspring as adults was influenced by their begging behaviour. However, the reproductive investment of female offspring tended to depend on the parental qualities of their foster parents. Thus, offspring may only be able to extract resources within the limit of generosity of their foster parents. This suggests parental control of feeding, which is also supported by the positive covariation between offspring begging and parental feeding.
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