Tunable pKa values and the basis of opposite charge selectivities in nicotinic-type receptors.

Tunable pKa values and the basis of opposite charge selectivities in nicotinic-type receptors.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature10015
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发表时间:
2011-05-22
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Grosman, Claudio
Grosman, Claudio
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cymes, Gisela D.;Grosman, Claudio

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在离子通道中,只有烟碱受体超家族已经进化为产生阳离子和阴离子选择性成员。虽然存在其他结构上不相关的神经递质门控阳离子通道,但迄今为止还没有描述过其他类型的神经递质门控阴离子通道,因此也没有描述过其他快速突触抑制信号的来源。除了表面上直接的静电效应的存在(在阳离子选择性成员)或不存在(在阴离子选择性的)一个环的孔面对的羧酸盐,突变的研究已经确定了其他功能的氨基酸序列附近的细胞内端的孔内衬跨膜段(M2),也需要实现高电荷选择性显示的天然通道。然而,这种微妙的影响背后的机制仍然难以捉摸,是一个猜测的主题。在这里,使用单通道电生理记录,以估计天然可电离侧链的质子化状态,我们表明,阴离子选择性类型的序列有利于,而阳离子选择性类型的序列阻止,保守的,埋在孔的细胞内入口(M2 0′位置)的碱性残基的质子化。我们的结论是,以前未认识到的,可调的电荷状态的0′环的掩埋基本侧链是这些通道的多功能电荷选择性过滤器的一个重要特征。
Among ion channels, only the nicotinic-receptor superfamily has evolved to generate both cation- and anion-selective members. Although other, structurally unrelated, neurotransmitter-gated cation channels exist, no other type of neurotransmitter-gated anion channel, and thus no other source of fast synaptic inhibitory signals, has been described so far. In addition to the seemingly straightforward electrostatic effect of the presence (in the cation-selective members) or absence (in the anion-selective ones) of a ring of pore-facing carboxylates, mutational studies have identified other features of the amino-acid sequence near the intracellular end of the pore-lining transmembrane segments (M2) that are also required to achieve the high charge selectivity displayed by native channels. However, the mechanism underlying this subtler effect has remained elusive and a subject of much speculation. Here, using single-channel electrophysiological recordings to estimate the protonation state of native ionizable side chains, we show that anion-selective type sequences favour, whereas cation-selective type sequences prevent, the protonation of the conserved, buried basic residues at the intracellular entrance of the pore (the M2 0′ position). We conclude that the, previously unrecognized, tunable charge state of the 0′ ring of buried basic side chains is an essential feature of these channels’ versatile charge-selectivity filter.
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