Ecologically Different Fungi Affect Arabidopsis Development: Contribution of Soluble and Volatile Compounds.
Ecologically Different Fungi Affect Arabidopsis Development: Contribution of Soluble and Volatile Compounds.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0168236
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Martino E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casarrubia S;Sapienza S;Fritz H;Daghino S;Rosenkranz M;Schnitzler JP;Martin F;Perotto S;Martino E
植物的生长和发育可以受到互惠和非互惠微生物的影响。研究了杜鹃花内生菌根真菌Oidiodendron maius对非寄主植物拟南芥生长发育的影响。使用不同的实验装置（非隔室和隔室共培养板）来研究可溶性和挥发性真菌分子对植物表型的影响。O. maius促进了A.在所有实验装置中使用Thaliana。此外，还观察到一种独特的丛根表型，其特征是主根缩短，侧根长度和数量增加。thaliana仅在非隔室板，这表明可溶性扩散分子负责这种根形态。真菌生长素似乎不参与植物生长促进和丛生根表型，因为与O。如在携带DR5：：GUS报告构建体的植物中所评估的，maius没有改变植物组织中的生长素积累。此外，在O. maius突变体不能诱导A. thaliana.添加活性炭，挥发性有机化合物吸收剂，在隔室板没有修改植物生长促进，这表明挥发性有机化合物不参与这种现象。低挥发性有机物排放量的测量O。maius进一步证实了这一假设。相比之下，在隔室板中加入CO2捕集器大大降低了植物生长，表明真菌CO2参与了植物生长促进。其他菌根真菌，以及腐生性和致病性真菌，也用相同的实验装置进行了测试。在无隔室平板中，大多数真菌促进A.拟南芥生长，有些能诱导丛生根表型。在隔室平板实验中，观察到大多数其他真菌，特别是那些产生较高生物量的真菌，对植物生长的一般诱导，进一步加强了非特异性机制的作用，如CO2排放。
Plant growth and development can be influenced by mutualistic and non-mutualistic microorganisms. We investigated the ability of the ericoid endomycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius to influence growth and development of the non-host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Different experimental setups (non-compartmented and compartmented co-culture plates) were used to investigate the influence of both soluble and volatile fungal molecules on the plant phenotype. O. maius promoted growth of A. thaliana in all experimental setups. In addition, a peculiar clumped root phenotype, characterized by shortening of the primary root and by an increase of lateral root length and number, was observed in A. thaliana only in the non-compartmented plates, suggesting that soluble diffusible molecules are responsible for this root morphology. Fungal auxin does not seem to be involved in plant growth promotion and in the clumped root phenotype because co-cultivation with O. maius did not change auxin accumulation in plant tissues, as assessed in plants carrying the DR5::GUS reporter construct. In addition, no correlation between the amount of fungal auxin produced and the plant root phenotype was observed in an O. maius mutant unable to induce the clumped root phenotype in A. thaliana. Addition of active charcoal, a VOC absorbant, in the compartmented plates did not modify plant growth promotion, suggesting that VOCs are not involved in this phenomenon. The low VOCs emission measured for O. maius further corroborated this hypothesis. By contrast, the addition of CO2 traps in the compartmented plates drastically reduced plant growth, suggesting involvement of fungal CO2 in plant growth promotion. Other mycorrhizal fungi, as well as a saprotrophic and a pathogenic fungus, were also tested with the same experimental setups. In the non-compartmented plates, most fungi promoted A. thaliana growth and some could induce the clumped root phenotype. In the compartmented plate experiments, a general induction of plant growth was observed for most other fungi, especially those producing higher biomass, further strengthening the role of a nonspecific mechanism, such as CO2 emission.
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