Do adults produce phonetic variants of /t/ less often in speech to children?

Do adults produce phonetic variants of /t/ less often in speech to children?
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成年人在对孩子说话时使用 /t/ 的语音变体是否较少?

DOI:
10.1016/j.wocn.2021.101056
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Song, Jae Yung
Song, Jae Yung
中科院分区:
人文科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fritche, Robin;Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie;Song, Jae Yung

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话语的表面语音细节会影响说话者听起来的“母语”程度。然而,研究表明,儿童习得适合情境的变异(有时称为同位变体)的时间较晚。本研究的目标是了解与成人定向语音 (ADS) 相比,看护者在儿童定向语音 (CDS) 中如何使用美式英语 /t/ 的语音变化。我们假设母亲修改了对孩子的输入,以便在 CDS 中产生比 ADS 更有限的变化,从而潜在地帮助孩子发展对比音素类别。为此,我们记录了 8 位 2 岁以下儿童的母亲在 ADS 和 CDS 情况下的情况。结果表明,CDS 比 ADS 包含更多的 /t/ 规范线索,以及更少的非规范线索模式,包括更少的未释放标记和更少的话语中间位置的声门化标记。此外,我们发现 /st/ 上下文中送气单音 [th] 与不送气 [t] 之间的 CDS 送气持续时间差异较大,这表明母亲夸大了 /t/ 出现的音素上下文的这一提示。总体而言,研究结果表明 CDS 更清楚地表示音素类别,这反过来可以帮助孩子们学习底层形式和表面形式之间的关系。
The surface phonetic details of an utterance affect how ‘native’ a speaker sounds. However, studies have shown that children’s acquisition of context-appropriate variation (sometimes called allophones) is late. This study’s goal was to understand how caregivers use phonetic variation in the production of American English /t/ in child-directed speech (CDS), compared to in adult-directed speech (ADS). We hypothesized that mothers modify their input to children in order to produce more limited variation in CDS than in ADS, to potentially assist children in the development of contrastive phonemic categories. To this end, we recorded eight mothers of children under the age of 2 years in both ADS and CDS conditions. Results reveal that CDS contains significantly more canonical cues to /t/ than ADS does, and fewer non-canonical cue patterns, including fewer unreleased tokens and fewer glottalized tokens in utterance-medial position. Also, we found larger aspiration duration differences in CDS between aspirated singleton [th] vs. unaspirated [t] in /st/ contexts, suggesting that mothers exaggerate this cue to the phonemic context in which the /t/ occurs. Overall, the findings suggest that CDS more clearly signals the phonemic category, which could in turn assist children learn the relationship between the underlying and surface forms.
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