Functional imaging of numerical processing in adults and 4-y-old children.
Functional imaging of numerical processing in adults and 4-y-old children.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0040125
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发表时间：
2006-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Pelphrey KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cantlon JF;Brannon EM;Carter EJ;Pelphrey KA
成年人、婴儿、学龄前儿童和非人类动物似乎共享一个系统，对非符号刺激（如点阵列或音调序列）进行近似数字处理。对成年人的行为研究暗示了这些非符号数字能力和符号数字处理之间的联系（例如，对于点和阿拉伯数字的阵列，在准确性和反应时间上具有类似的距离效应）。然而，神经影像学研究仍然没有确定的神经基础的这种联系。顶内沟（IPS）是已知的选择性响应符号数字刺激，如阿拉伯数字。然而，最近的研究得出了相互矛盾的结论，IPS在处理非符号，数字阵列在成年期的作用，很少有人知道的大脑基础上的数字处理早期发展。解决抽象数字处理是否存在早期发育的神经基础的问题，对于理解我们独特的人类数学和科学能力的认知起源至关重要。使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）在4特斯拉和事件相关的fMRI适应范例，我们发现，成年人表现出更大的IPS响应视觉阵列偏离标准刺激的元素数量，比刺激偏离当地元素形状。这些结果支持了先前的主张，即成年期的非符号和符号数字处理之间存在神经生理学联系。与此同时，我们测试了4岁的儿童与成人相同的功能磁共振成像适应范式，以确定是否在成人的非符号数字活动的神经轨迹显示连续性的功能发展。我们发现，IPS对数字偏差的反应在4岁的儿童和成人中相似。据我们所知，这是第一个证据表明，成年人的数字认知的神经轨迹在发展早期形成，在复杂的符号数字经验之前。更广泛地说，据我们所知，这也是第一个测试4岁健康儿童的认知功能磁共振成像研究，为人类认知发展的神经生理学提供了新的见解。这项功能成像研究为4岁儿童的早期非符号数字能力与成人的符号数字处理之间的神经生物学联系提供了证据。
Adult humans, infants, pre-school children, and non-human animals appear to share a system of approximate numerical processing for non-symbolic stimuli such as arrays of dots or sequences of tones. Behavioral studies of adult humans implicate a link between these non-symbolic numerical abilities and symbolic numerical processing (e.g., similar distance effects in accuracy and reaction-time for arrays of dots and Arabic numerals). However, neuroimaging studies have remained inconclusive on the neural basis of this link. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is known to respond selectively to symbolic numerical stimuli such as Arabic numerals. Recent studies, however, have arrived at conflicting conclusions regarding the role of the IPS in processing non-symbolic, numerosity arrays in adulthood, and very little is known about the brain basis of numerical processing early in development. Addressing the question of whether there is an early-developing neural basis for abstract numerical processing is essential for understanding the cognitive origins of our uniquely human capacity for math and science. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 4-Tesla and an event-related fMRI adaptation paradigm, we found that adults showed a greater IPS response to visual arrays that deviated from standard stimuli in their number of elements, than to stimuli that deviated in local element shape. These results support previous claims that there is a neurophysiological link between non-symbolic and symbolic numerical processing in adulthood. In parallel, we tested 4-y-old children with the same fMRI adaptation paradigm as adults to determine whether the neural locus of non-symbolic numerical activity in adults shows continuity in function over development. We found that the IPS responded to numerical deviants similarly in 4-y-old children and adults. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that the neural locus of adult numerical cognition takes form early in development, prior to sophisticated symbolic numerical experience. More broadly, this is also, to our knowledge, the first cognitive fMRI study to test healthy children as young as 4 y, providing new insights into the neurophysiology of human cognitive development. This functional imaging study provides evidence for a neurobiological link between early non-symbolic numerical abilities of 4 year-old children and the more symbolic numerical processing of adults.
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