Urban forests as hubs for novel zoonosis: blood meal analysis, seasonal variation in Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vectors, and avian haemosporidians
Urban forests as hubs for novel zoonosis: blood meal analysis, seasonal variation in Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vectors, and avian haemosporidians
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城市森林作为新型人畜共患疾病的中心：血粉分析、库蠓（双翅目：角蠓科）媒介和鸟类血孢子虫的季节性变化
作者：
D. Santiago‐Alarcon;P. Havelka;E. Pineda;G. Segelbacher;H. Schaefer
摘要 库蠓媒介可以传播多种寄生虫，并且分布于全球。我们研究了德国城市森林中库蠓（双翅目：Ceratopogonidae）媒介的摄食偏好和季节变化，以确定居住在附近的人类是否容易接触来自野生动物的媒介传播的寄生虫。我们使用 mtDNA COI 基因的片段来识别血粉中的宿主。我们扩增了 mtDNA 细胞色素 b 的片段来检测库蠓腹部和胸部的血孢子虫感染。我们总共检测到 22 种库蠓。 58 种血粉（84%）来自人类，10 种来自鸟类，1 种来自牲畜。我们在 29 份人类血液中发现了库蠓（Culicoides kibunensis）（被认为是嗜鸟性的）。宿主多才多艺的库蠓 (Culicoides festivipennis) 和库蠓 (Culicoides obsoletus) 吸食了 14 份人类血液。克拉氏库蠓和半斑库蠓以鸟类为食；此前，人类是它们唯一已知的宿主。六个胸部和三个腹部感染了苍白嗜血杆菌或帕拉贝洛波尔斯基嗜血杆菌。库蠓群落结构在几个月内发生了变化。春季以 C. kibunensis 和 C. clastrieri 为主，秋季以 C. obsoletus 为主。所有优势物种都是以鸟类、牲畜和人类为食的通才。我们的研究结果表明，人类可以作为主要库蠓物种的血液来源，而不是城市地区的正常野生动物宿主。
SUMMARY Culicoides vectors can transmit a diverse array of parasites and are globally distributed. We studied feeding preferences and seasonal variation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vectors in an urban forest of Germany to determine whether humans living nearby are readily exposed to vector-borne parasites from wild animals. We used a fragment of the mtDNA COI gene to identify hosts from blood meals. We amplified a fragment of the mtDNA cyt b to detect haemosporidian infections in Culicoides abdomens and thoraxes. We detected a total of 22 Culicoides species. Fifty-eight blood meals (84%) were from humans, 10 from birds, and one from livestock. We found Culicoides kibunensis (considered ornithophilic) with 29 human blood meals. Host generalist Culicoides festivipennis and Culicoides obsoletus had 14 human blood meals. Culicoides clastrieri and Culicoides semimaculatus fed on birds; previously humans were their only known host. Six thoraxes and three abdomens were infected with either Haemoproteus pallidulus or Haemoproteus parabelopolskyi. There were changes in Culicoides community structure across months. Culicoides pictipennis was the dominant species during spring, C. kibunensis and C. clastrieri were dominant during summer, and C. obsoletus was dominant by early autumn. All dominant species were generalists feeding on birds, livestock and humans. Our results indicate that humans can serve as a blood source for dominant Culicoides species instead of the normal wild animal hosts in urban areas.
黑帽西尔维娅·黑毛虫中的血孢子寄生与春季到来和身体状况的关系
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Santiago-Alarcon;Mettler;Segelbacher G ;H. M. Schaefer
通讯作者：
H. M. Schaefer