Tailoring Reaction Selectivity by Modulating a Catalytic Diad on a Foldamer Scaffold.

Tailoring Reaction Selectivity by Modulating a Catalytic Diad on a Foldamer Scaffold.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.1c11542
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发表时间:
2022-02-09
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Gellman, Samuel H.
Gellman, Samuel H.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andrews, Mary Katherine;Liu, Xinyu;Gellman, Samuel H.

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使用可调节的分子支架来排列用于双功能催化的反应性二聚体,可以揭示官能团特性和反应性之间的关系,否则可能无法识别。在这里,我们使用α/β-肽螺旋来表明,一对排列的伯胺基团唯一地能够催化以芳醛为电泳体的交叉羟醛缩合反应。几何相似的二元体,其中一个胺基是次要的,或者两个都是次要的,对其他类型的羟醛缩合反应是很好的催化剂,但不是涉及芳醛的那些。催化作用需要β-氨基酸残基,这些残基通过环约束预先组织形成螺旋。显示伯胺二聚体的传统多肽(只有α-氨基酸残基)是很差的催化剂,这突出了折叠支架的关键作用。
Use of a tunable molecular scaffold to align a reactive diad for bifunctional catalysis can reveal relationships between functional group identity and reactivity that might otherwise be impossible to identify. Here we use an α/β-peptide helix to show that an aligned pair of primary amine groups is uniquely competent to catalyze crossed aldol condensations with an aryl aldehyde as the electrophile. Geometrically similar diads in which one amine group is secondary, or both are secondary, are good catalysts for other types of aldol condensations but not those involving an aryl aldehyde. Catalytic efficacy requires β-amino acid residues that are pre-organized for helix formation via cyclic constraint. Conventional peptides (exclusively α-amino acid residues) that display the primary amine diad are poor catalysts, which highlights the critical role of the foldamer scaffold.
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