Mapping the effects of ozone pollution and mixing on floral odour plumes and their impact on plant-pollinator interactions.
Mapping the effects of ozone pollution and mixing on floral odour plumes and their impact on plant-pollinator interactions.
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绘制臭氧污染和混合对花香羽流的影响及其对植物与传粉者相互作用的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122336
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Langford B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Langford B
动物传粉的关键生态过程通常是由气味线索促成的。这些气味由挥发性有机化合物(VOC)组成，通常具有较短的化学寿命，形成授粉昆虫定位花朵所需的强烈浓度梯度。大气氧化剂，包括臭氧污染，可能会与这些VOCs发生反应并在化学上改变这些VOCs，从而削弱传粉者定位花朵的能力，从而削弱它们赖以生存的花粉和花蜜。然而，在与昆虫导航和嗅觉相关的时间和空间尺度上，只有有限的机械经验证据来解释气味羽流中的这些过程。通过大型风洞中的一系列对照实验，研究了臭氧污染和湍流混合对气味羽流中四种模型花卉VOCs去向的影响。α-松油烯、β-石竹烯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮的平均化学降解速率略快于文献预测的速率常数，但大多在不确定范围内。在释放后的前2分钟，混合使反应速度降低了8-10%。不同羽流的反应速率也不同，在羽流边缘最快，在羽流中心VOCs和臭氧混合最有效，最慢。蜜蜂被训练学习一种四种VOC混合物，相当于在风洞源头释放的羽流。当随后呈现代表从羽流中心6米处观察到的气味的混合气味时，52%的蜜蜂识别出这种气味，在12米处下降到38%。当从羽毛边缘获得降解程度更高的混合气味时，识别能力在6米和12米处分别下降到32%和10%。我们的发现强调了一种机制，通过这种机制，人为污染物可以扰乱植物-传粉者相互作用中使用的VOC线索，这可能会影响其他关键的气味中介行为，如吸引配偶。
The critical ecological process of animal-mediated pollination is commonly facilitated by odour cues. These odours consist of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), often with short chemical lifetimes, which form the strong concentration gradients necessary for pollinating insects to locate a flower. Atmospheric oxidants, including ozone pollution, may react with and chemically alter these VOCs, impairing the ability of pollinators to locate a flower, and therefore the pollen and nectar on which they feed. However, there is limited mechanistic empirical evidence to explain these processes within an odour plume at temporal and spatial scales relevant to insect navigation and olfaction. We investigated the impact of ozone pollution and turbulent mixing on the fate of four model floral VOCs within odour plumes using a series of controlled experiments in a large wind tunnel. Average rates of chemical degradation of α-terpinene, β-caryophyllene and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were slightly faster than predicted by literature rate constants, but mostly within uncertainty bounds. Mixing reduced reaction rates by 8–10% in the first 2 m following release. Reaction rates also varied across the plumes, being fastest at plume edges where VOCs and ozone mixed most efficiently and slowest at plume centres. Honeybees were trained to learn a four VOC blend equivalent to the plume released at the wind tunnel source. When subsequently presented with an odour blend representative of that observed 6 m from the source at the centre of the plume, 52% of honeybees recognised the odour, decreasing to 38% at 12 m. When presented with the more degraded blend from the plume edge, recognition decreased to 32% and 10% at 6 and 12 m respectively. Our findings highlight a mechanism by which anthropogenic pollutants can disrupt the VOC cues used in plant-pollinator interactions, which likely impacts on other critical odour-mediated behaviours such as mate attraction.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Jonathan Williams;A. Ringsdorf
通讯作者：
A. Ringsdorf