Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine.
Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121718
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Bukasov R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aitekenov S;Gaipov A;Bukasov R
广泛的医学研究表明，患者，高蛋白浓度的尿液中，有各种肾脏疾病，称为蛋白尿。尿蛋白生物标志物可用于诊断许多健康状况-肾脏和心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、感染。本文综述了尿中蛋白质（主要是白蛋白）的仪器定量（电泳、色谱、免疫分析、质谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱和拉曼光谱）。不同的技术提供了关于尿液成分的独特信息。由于尿液的复杂性质，通过电泳或色谱法的分离步骤通常用于尿液的蛋白质组学研究。质谱是发现和分析尿液中生物标志物的有力工具，然而，分析成本高，特别是对于定量分析。免疫分析通常与荧光检测一起使用，是临床分析中的主要定性和定量工具。虽然红外和拉曼光谱不能提供有关尿液的广泛信息，但由于快速和低成本，它们可能成为肾脏问题常规临床诊断的重要工具。因此，回顾与尿液分析相关的所有适用技术和方法是很重要的。在这篇综述中，简要概述了每种技术的原理。在适用的情况下，总结了有关尿液中蛋白质测定的研究论文，并提供了主要的优点数据，如检测限、可检测范围、回收率和准确度（如有）。尿蛋白生物标志物可用于诊断许多疾病：肾脏和心血管疾病、癌症。液相色谱-质谱联用是尿液蛋白质组学的有力工具，但主要用于科学研究。免疫测定广泛用于临床和生物分析实验室。红外和拉曼光谱由于成本低和快速而成为尿液诊断的有前途的工具。
Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine, however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each technique's principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and accuracy, when available. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many conditions: kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers. Liquid chromatography – mass spectroscopy is a powerful tool for urine proteomics, but used mostly in science. Immunoassays are widely used in both clinical and bio-analytical laboratories. IR and Raman spectroscopies are promising tools for diagnostics of urine due to low-cost and rapidness.
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DOI：
10.3390/s17112684
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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