Mirtrons: microRNA biogenesis via splicing.

Mirtrons: microRNA biogenesis via splicing.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.017
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发表时间:
2011-11
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Lai, Eric C.
Lai, Eric C.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Westholm, Jakub O.;Lai, Eric C.

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动物体内大多数microRNA(miRNAs)的成熟是由Drosha和Dicer RNase III酶通过逐步切割前体发夹转录物来控制的。最近,几种替代的miRNA生物合成途径被阐明,其中最突出的是用剪接取代Drosha切割。这种短发夹内含子被称为mirtron,他们的研究已经揭示了相关的途径,这些途径将联合收割机剪接与其他核糖核酸溶解机制结合起来,产生用于miRNA生物合成的Dicer底物。在这篇综述中,我们考虑剪接介导的miRNA生物合成的机制,mirtron发现的计算策略,以及多个miRNA生物合成途径存在的进化意义。总而言之,mirtron途径的特征说明了在结合RNA加工途径方面的意想不到的灵活性,并突出了单个转录本如何编码多种功能。
A well-defined mechanism governs the maturation of most microRNAs (miRNAs) in animals, via stepwise cleavage of precursor hairpin transcripts by the Drosha and Dicer RNase III enzymes. Recently, several alternative miRNA biogenesis pathways were elucidated, the most prominent of which substitutes Drosha cleavage with splicing. Such short hairpin introns are known as mirtrons, and their study has uncovered related pathways that combine splicing with other ribonucleolytic machinery to yield Dicer substrates for miRNA biogenesis. In this review, we consider the mechanisms of splicing-mediated miRNA biogenesis, computational strategies for mirtron discovery, and the evolutionary implications of the existence of multiple miRNA biogenesis pathways. Altogether, the features of mirtron pathways illustrate unexpected flexibility in combining RNA processing pathways, and highlight how multiple functions can be encoded by individual transcripts.
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