Contrasting roles of inertial and muscle moments at knee and ankle during paw-shake response.
Contrasting roles of inertial and muscle moments at knee and ankle during paw-shake response.
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爪子抖动反应期间膝盖和脚踝处的惯性和肌肉力矩的对比作用。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1985.54.5.1282
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Smith,JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoy,MG;Zernicke,RF;Smith,JL
本文研究了四只成年猫的抖爪反应（PSR）的肢体内动力学。使用刚体运动方程，以确定肢体节段之间的动态相互作用，膝关节和踝关节动力学计算的稳态周期中定义的前一份文件。拍摄后肢运动（200帧/秒），以获得膝关节和踝关节的运动学。用电影同步记录两关节屈伸肌群的反应。踝关节和膝关节运动学从16个PSR的51个稳态循环中确定。踝关节的平均最大位移、速度和加速度明显大于膝关节。在周期的第一部分，膝盖和脚踝的运动是异相的;膝盖伸展与脚踝屈曲同时发生。在周期的第二部分，在两个关节的运动是连续的，快速膝关节屈曲，伴随着可以忽略不计的踝关节位移，之前快速踝关节伸展与最小的膝关节位移。在踝关节处，倾向于引起屈曲和伸展的峰值净力矩的大小相似，主要由肌肉力矩决定。由于腿部角加速度的时刻作出了显着贡献的伸肌峰值的净力矩接近周期的结束。其他惯性和引力矩都很小。在膝关节，倾向于引起屈曲和伸展的净力矩也相似，但小于踝关节。然而，膝盖肌肉力矩很大，抵消了由于爪子角加速度引起的大惯性力矩。此外，由于腿部角加速度和膝盖线性加速度的力矩是实质性的，效果相反。其他惯性矩和引力矩可以忽略不计。肌肉力矩减缓和逆转关节运动，肌肉力矩的主动肌力分量来自于主动肌腱单位的延长。节段相互作用，其中近端节段运动增强远端节段速度，通过促进产生极大的爪线性加速度来增加PSR稳态循环的有效性。PSR稳态时的肢体振荡是肌肉协同作用和运动依赖性肢体动力学之间相互作用的结果。在踝关节，肌肉活动的功能是控制爪子加速度，而在膝盖，肌肉活动的功能是控制腿和爪子的惯性相互作用。（400字处截断摘要）
Intralimb kinetics of the paw-shake response (PSR) were studied in four spinal, adult cats. Using rigid body equations of motion to determine the dynamic interactions between limb segments, knee and ankle joint kinetics were calculated for the steady-state cycles as defined in the preceding paper. Hindlimb motion was filmed (200 frames/s) to obtain knee and ankle kinematics. Responses of flexors and extensors at both joints were recorded synchronously with cinefilm. Ankle and knee joint kinematics were determined from 51 steady-state cycles of 16 PSRs. Average maximum displacements, velocities, and accelerations were substantially greater for the ankle than for the knee joint. Knee and ankle motions were out of phase in the first part of the cycle; knee extension occurred simultaneously with ankle flexion. In the second part of the cycle, motions at the two joints were sequential; rapid knee flexion, accompanied by negligible ankle displacement, preceded rapid ankle extension with minimal knee displacement. At the ankle joint, peak net moments tending to cause flexion and extension were similar in magnitude and determined primarily by muscle moments. Moments due to leg angular acceleration contributed significantly to an extensor peak in the net moment near the end of the cycle. Other inertial and gravitational moments were small. At the knee joint, net moments tending to cause flexion and extension were also similar, but smaller than those at the ankle. The knee muscle moments, however, were large and counteracted large inertial moments due to paw angular acceleration. Also, moments due to leg angular acceleration and knee linear acceleration were substantial and opposite in effect. Other inertial and the gravitational moments were negligible. Muscle moments slowed and reversed joint motions, and active muscle force components of muscle moments were derived from lengthening of active musculotendinous units. Segmental interactions, in which proximal segment motion augmented distal segment velocity, increased the effectiveness of PSR steady-state cycles by facilitating the generation of extremely large paw linear accelerations. Limb oscillations during PSR steady-state result from interactions between muscle synergies and motion-dependent limb dynamics. At the ankle, muscle activity functioned to control paw acceleration, whereas at the knee, muscle activity functioned to control leg and paw inertial interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1977
期刊：
Journal of Physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Prochazka;R. Westerman;S. Ziccone
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Smith,JL;Hoy,MG;Koshland,GF;Phillips,DM;Zernicke,RF
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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