A potential vorticity signature for the cold sector of winter extratropical cyclones

A potential vorticity signature for the cold sector of winter extratropical cyclones
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冬季温带气旋冷区的位涡特征

DOI:
10.1002/qj.2662
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Vannière B
Vannière B
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vannière B

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中纬度风暴冷区具有地表热通量强、浅对流、对流降水和天气下沉等显著特征。为了评估在寒冷地区发生的过程对平均气候的贡献,需要一个适当的指标。这项研究描述了冬季温带风暴冷锋后系统地存在负位涡度。利用ERA中期资料分析了这种负PV的来源,并评估了边界层深度上平均的PV趋势。结果表明,负PV是由冷区的非绝热过程和低中心的Ekman泵送产生的,而正PV是由暖区位温的Ekman平流产生的。我们建议,可以用低水平的负PV来识别冷区。一个基于PV的指标被用来估计冷区和风暴的剩余部分对上升运动和大范围和对流降水的各自贡献。我们将基于PV的指标与其他可用作冷区标志的明显特征进行比较,发现单独使用位涡是最好的判据,而当与其他任何指标结合时,位涡是最好的判据。
The cold sector of a midlatitude storm is characterized by distinctive features such as strong surface heat fluxes, shallow convection, convective precipitation and synoptic subsidence. In order to evaluate the contribution of processes occurring in the cold sector to the mean climate, an appropriate indicator is needed. This study describes the systematic presence of negative potential vorticity (PV) behind the cold front of extratropical storms in winter. The origin of this negative PV is analyzed using ERA‐Interim data, and PV tendencies averaged over the depth of the boundary layer are evaluated. It is found that negative PV is generated by diabatic processes in the cold sector and by Ekman pumping at the low centre, whereas positive PV is generated by Ekman advection of potential temperature in the warm sector. We suggest here that negative PV at low levels can be used to identify the cold sector. A PV‐based indicator is applied to estimate the respective contributions of the cold sector and the remainder of the storm to upward motion and large‐scale and convective precipitation. We compare the PV‐based indicator with other distinctive features that could be used as markers of the cold sector and find that potential vorticity is the best criterion when taken alone and the best when combined with any other.
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发表时间: 2013-07
影响因子: 8.9
作者:
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通讯作者: J. Chagnon;S. Gray;J. Methven
DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
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影响因子: 8.9
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