Stemming the Tide of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Therapies for Old Retinas.
Stemming the Tide of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Therapies for Old Retinas.
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阻止与年龄相关的黄斑变性的浪潮：旧视网膜的新疗法。
DOI：
10.1167/iovs.15-18643
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ramsden CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramsden CM
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种常见的致盲疾病，对受影响的个体具有毁灭性的影响。中央视力对阅读、识别面孔和执行许多日常任务非常重要，失去了中央视力，基本上切断了患者与周围世界的联系。据估计，美国有175万例晚期AMD，英国有50万例，年龄都在50岁以上。在这些病例中，视网膜中央的黄斑区域丧失了功能，要么是干性黄斑变性的萎缩，要么是不太常见的湿性黄斑变性的新生血管的生长导致了疤痕。虽然随着抗血管内皮生长因子药物（anti-VEGF）的发展，湿性AMD的治疗取得了很大进展，但这些治疗方法并不能治愈，只能通过定期眼内注射来抑制疾病。2此外，这种疗法是昂贵的，不仅在药物成本方面，而且在临床时间和提供所需的人力资源方面。不幸的是，干性黄斑变性没有治疗方法，占疾病负担的90%。因此，AMD代表了一个主要的和很大程度上未满足的老年人群的临床需求。AMD的病因是多因素的，就像许多其他的老年性疾病一样。视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞的丧失及其基底膜（Bruch膜）的改变是导致该疾病的关键因素。RPE是一个连续的细胞单层，位于感光细胞和脉络膜之间，脉络膜是视网膜的血液供应。感光细胞负责将光转化为电能。这个过程需要大量的能量，这反过来又产生了许多自由基。在聚焦光的潜在有毒环境中终生暴露于这些自由基有助于RPE的退化。由于RPE细胞通过提供生长因子、清除废物和回收必需化合物，对高度代谢的光感受器起滋养作用，因此RPE的损失最终导致光感受器的衰竭和损失。
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, blinding condition that can have a devastating effect on the individuals affected. The loss of central vision, so important for reading, the recognition of faces, and performing many daily tasks, essentially cuts the sufferer off from the world around. There are an estimated 1.75 million cases of late AMD in the United States and half a million in the United Kingdom, all in the over-50 age group. 1 In these cases the macular area of the central retina has lost function either by atrophy in ‘‘dry’’AMD or by the growth of new blood vessels, which leads to scarring, in the less common ‘‘wet’’AMD. While there has been great progress in the treatment of wet AMD with development of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs (anti-VEGF), these treatments are not curative and keep the disease suppressed only with regular intraocular injections. 2 Furthermore, this therapy is expensive, not only in terms of the drug cost but also in clinic time and the human resources necessary for its delivery. Unfortunately, there are no treatments for dry AMD, which accounts for 90% of the disease burden. Thus, AMD represents a major and largely unmet clinical need in an aging population.The etiology of AMD is multifactorial, like many other agerelated diseases. Among the key contributors to the disease process are the loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and changes in their basement membrane, Bruch’s membrane. The RPE is a continuous cellular monolayer lying between the light-sensitive photoreceptors and the choroid, the blood supply of the retina. The photoreceptor cells are responsible for the transformation of light into electrical energy. This process demands significant levels of energy, which in turn creates many free radicals. A lifetime of exposure to these free radicals in the potentially toxic environment of focused light contributes to the degeneration of the RPE. As the RPE cells perform a nourishing role to the highly metabolic photoreceptors by providing growth factors, removing waste, and recycling essential compounds, loss of the RPE ultimately leads to photoreceptor failure and loss.
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Rofagha, Soraya;Bhisitkul, Robert B.;Zhang, Kang
通讯作者：
Zhang, Kang
细胞医药产品临床试验和上市许可申请的监管要求
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Salmikangas;E. Flory;Jens Reinhardt;Thomas Hinz;R. Mačiulaitis
通讯作者：
R. Mačiulaitis
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Schwartz, Steven D.;Regillo, Carl D.;Lanza, Robert
通讯作者：
Lanza, Robert