Role of Immuno-Inflammatory Signals in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Role of Immuno-Inflammatory Signals in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
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DOI:
10.3390/cells11142222
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发表时间:
2022-07-17
期刊:
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Yazdani, Hamza O.
Yazdani, Hamza O.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kaltenmeier, Christof;Wang, Ronghua;Popp, Brandon;Geller, David;Tohme, Samer;Yazdani, Hamza O.

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缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)是肝切除和肝移植的主要障碍。IRI的第一步是通过缺血介导的,缺血促进了库普弗细胞中活性氧的产生。这进一步促进了促炎信号级联的激活,包括肿瘤坏死因子- α、IL-6、干扰素、诱导型一氧化氮合酶、TLR9/核因子κ B途径,以及损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)的产生,如ATP、组蛋白、高迁移率组框1 (HMGB1)、尿酸盐、线粒体甲酰基肽和S100蛋白。随着缺血期肝细胞的持续死亡,DAMPs被建立并在再灌注时释放到循环中。这促进了细胞因子/趋化因子风暴,吸引中性粒细胞和其他免疫细胞到组织损伤部位。细胞因子和趋化因子的释放进一步加剧了IRI的作用,如上皮中性粒细胞激活蛋白(CXCL5)、KC (CXCL1)和MIP-2 (CXCL2)、补体蛋白C3a和C5a、线粒体衍生的甲酰基肽、白三烯B4和迁移中性粒细胞的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(NETs)。这些NETs还能激活血小板,形成中性粒细胞-血小板微血栓,进一步加重肝脏缺血。在这篇综述中,我们旨在总结目前对促进肝脏IRI的介质的了解,我们将讨论中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱在介导IRI中的作用。
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation. The initial step of IRI is mediated through ischemia which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species in Kupffer cells. This furthermore promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TLR9/nuclear-factor kappa B pathway, and the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as ATP, histone, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), urate, mitochondrial formyl peptides and S100 proteins. With ongoing cell death of hepatocytes during the ischemic phase, DAMPs are built up and released into the circulation upon reperfusion. This promotes a cytokines/chemokine storm that attracts neutrophils and other immune cells to the site of tissue injury. The effect of IRI is further aggravated by the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as epithelial neutrophil activating protein (CXCL5), KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), the complement proteins C3a and C5a, mitochondrial-derived formyl peptides, leukotriene B4 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from migrating neutrophils. These NETs can also activate platelets and form Neutrophil-platelet microthrombi to further worsen ischemia in the liver. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mediators that promote liver IRI, and we will discuss the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in mediating IRI.
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