Fear and the construction of minority religions in Japan

Fear and the construction of minority religions in Japan
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恐惧与日本少数民族宗教的建设

DOI:
10.1080/09637494.2023.2212579
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Religion, State and Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Baffelli E
Baffelli E
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baffelli E

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这篇文章引用了《新宗教》(ShINSHūKyō)中的例子来讨论日本的少数民族宗教是如何建立起来的,特别强调了恐惧在少数群体地位的创造和延续中的中心地位。自19世纪末以来,被贴上新宗教标签的团体提供了界定什么是被视为“主流”或“适当”宗教的蓝图,通常与被视为日本文化和遗产一部分的所谓“传统”宗教,以及“边缘”或“局外人”宗教或宗教习俗联系在一起,这些宗教在特定时期不符合传统的定义,并被怀疑,有时被控制或压制。这篇文章讨论了这种边缘化如何在日本宗教团体中创造和认知少数群体地位的过程中与赋权动力相交。我认为,恐惧不仅是外部世界如何看待被边缘化的宗教团体的核心,而且也影响了宗教组织与社会之间的互动和关系,从团体成员到外部世界。因此,关注群体如何应对边缘化--无论是通过隐藏或回避他们的边缘地位,还是通过将其视为一种赋权手段--对于理解边缘化的动态至关重要。
This contribution uses examples from ‘new religions’ (shinshūkyō) to discuss how minority religions have been constructed in Japan, highlighting in particular the centrality of fear in the creation and perpetuation of minority status. Groups labelled as new religions have, since the late nineteenth century, provided the blueprint for defining what is considered ‘mainstream’ or ‘proper’ religion, often associated with supposedly ‘traditional’ religions seen as part of Japan’s culture and heritage, and ‘marginal’ or ‘outsider’ religions or religious practices that do not fit the definition of tradition in a given time and are viewed with suspicion, and, at times, controlled or suppressed. This contribution discusses how such marginalisation intersects with empowerment dynamics in the creation and perception of minority status among religious groups in Japan. Fear, I argue, is not only central to how minoritised religious groups are perceived by the external world but has also worked on interactions and relations between religious organisations and society in the other direction, from group members towards the external world. Paying attention to how groups navigate and respond to marginalisation, whether by hiding or eschewing their marginal status or by embracing it as a means of empowerment, is therefore crucial to understanding the dynamics of minoritisation.
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