Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors.
Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors.
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111381
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leve LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hyde LW;Waller R;Trentacosta CJ;Shaw DS;Neiderhiser JM;Ganiban JM;Reiss D;Leve LD
儿童早期的冷酷无情行为表明儿童具有严重的反社会行为和冷酷无情特征的高风险，这些特征最终导致行为障碍，反社会人格障碍和精神病的诊断。研究表明，冷酷无情的特征具有很高的遗传性，但很少有研究探讨早期冷酷无情行为的具体遗传途径。此外，研究表明，积极的养育方式可以防止冷酷无情的特征的发展，但基因知情的设计还没有被用来证实这些关系不是基因-环境相关性的产物。通过对561个家庭的收养队列研究，亲生母亲报告了他们严重的反社会行为史。养母在18个月时的积极强化的观察被检查作为孩子27个月大时冷酷无情行为的预测因素。生物学上的母亲反社会行为预测早期冷酷无情的行为，尽管没有或有限的接触后代。在与父母没有遗传关系的儿童中，母亲的积极强化可以防止儿童早期的冷酷无情行为。高水平的养母正强化缓冲了生物学母亲反社会行为造成的冷酷无情行为的遗传风险的影响。这些发现阐明了早期冷酷无情行为的遗传和非遗传途径。研究结果为冷酷无情的行为提供了一个特定的遗传途径，并有力地证明了养育子女是冷酷无情行为发展中的一个重要的非遗传因素。由于正强化缓冲了冷酷无情行为的遗传风险，这些发现对预防严重反社会行为的轨迹具有重要的转化意义。
Callous-unemotional behaviors in early childhood identify children at high risk for severe trajectories of antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits that culminate in later diagnoses of conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and psychopathy. Studies have demonstrated high heritability of callous-unemotional traits, but little research has examined specific heritable pathways to earlier callous-unemotional behaviors. Additionally, studies indicate that positive parenting protects against the development of callous-unemotional traits, but genetically informed designs have not been used to confirm that these relationships are not the product of gene-environment correlations. Using an adoption cohort of 561 families, biological mothers reported their history of severe antisocial behavior. Observations of adoptive mother positive reinforcement at 18 months were examined as predictors of callous-unemotional behaviors when children were 27 months old. Biological mother antisocial behavior predicted early callous-unemotional behaviors despite having no or limited contact with offspring. Adoptive mother positive reinforcement protected against early callous-unemotional behaviors in children not genetically related to the parent. High levels of adoptive mother positive reinforcement buffered the effects of heritable risk for callous-unemotional behaviors posed by biological mother antisocial behavior. The findings elucidate heritable and non-heritable pathways to early callous-unemotional behaviors. The results provide a specific heritable pathway to callous-unemotional behaviors and compelling evidence that parenting is an important non-heritable factor in the development of callous-unemotional behaviors. As positive reinforcement buffered heritable risk for callous-unemotional behaviors, these findings have important translational implications for the prevention of trajectories to serious antisocial behavior.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Ge, Xiaojia;Natsuaki, Misaki N.;Martin, David M.;Neiderhiser, Jenae M.;Villareal, Georgette;Reid, John B.;Leve, Leslie D.;Shaw, Daniel S.;Scaramella, Laura;Reiss, David
通讯作者：
Reiss, David
DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2013.777918
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
影响因子：
--
作者：
Shaw DS
通讯作者：
Shaw DS
影响因子：
4
作者：
Shaw, DS;Gilliom, M;Nagin, DS
通讯作者：
Nagin, DS
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
MCNEIL, TF;CANTORGRAAE, E;SJOSTROM, K
通讯作者：
SJOSTROM, K
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Bedford R;Pickles A;Sharp H;Wright N;Hill J
通讯作者：
Hill J