The many faces of synapsid cranial allometry

The many faces of synapsid cranial allometry
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合弓动物颅骨异速生长的多面性

DOI:
10.1017/pab.2019.26
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Angielczyk
Angielczyk
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kammerer;Angielczyk

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以往的研究颅骨形状已经建立了一个一致的种间异速生长模式的脸和braincase地区的头骨在多个家庭的哺乳动物的相对长度。在这种物种间的异速生长中,在较大的物种中,头骨的面部区域成比例地长于脑壳。这种异速生长模式的规律性和广泛的分类学发生表明,它可能起源于哺乳动物的冠基部附近,甚至更深的哺乳动物的联会动物或联会动物的祖先。为了研究这种异速生长模式的可能起源,我们使用几何形态测量技术分析了194种非哺乳动物联会动物的颅骨形状,这构成了一组连续的外类群哺乳动物。我们恢复了更大的多样性的异速生长模式内非哺乳动物的突触比已观察到的哺乳动物,包括几个类似的哺乳动物模式的情况。然而,我们没有发现哺乳动物模式的证据兽头目和非哺乳动物的犬齿目,突触最接近哺乳动物。这表明,哺乳动物的异速生长模式出现在哺乳动物形目,而不是在非哺乳动物的突触。进一步的调查,使用的个体发育系列的Diictodon feliceps显示,模式的种间异速生长的异常齿内的个体发育轨迹的Diictodon平行。这表明,在至少一些联会,与个体发育的异速生长模式可能提供了一个“路径阻力最小”的种间变异,我们建议产生的机制,在哺乳动物中观察到的种间异速生长模式。
Previous studies of cranial shape have established a consistent interspecific allometric pattern relating the relative lengths of the face and braincase regions of the skull within multiple families of mammals. In this interspecific allometry, the facial region of the skull is proportionally longer than the braincase in larger species. The regularity and broad taxonomic occurrence of this allometric pattern suggests that it may have an origin near the base of crown Mammalia, or even deeper in the synapsid or amniote forerunners of mammals. To investigate the possible origins of this allometric pattern, we used geometric morphometric techniques to analyze cranial shape in 194 species of nonmammalian synapsids, which constitute a set of successive outgroups to Mammalia. We recovered a much greater diversity of allometric patterns within nonmammalian synapsids than has been observed in mammals, including several instances similar to the mammalian pattern. However, we found no evidence of the mammalian pattern within Therocephalia and nonmammalian Cynodontia, the synapsids most closely related to mammals. This suggests that the mammalian allometric pattern arose somewhere within Mammaliaformes, rather than within nonmammalian synapsids. Further investigation using an ontogenetic series of the anomodont Diictodon feliceps shows that the pattern of interspecific allometry within anomodonts parallels the ontogenetic trajectory of Diictodon. This indicates that in at least some synapsids, allometric patterns associated with ontogeny may provide a “path of least resistance” for interspecific variation, a mechanism that we suggest produces the interspecific allometric pattern observed in mammals.
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