Advances in Point-of-Care Testing of microRNAs Based on Portable Instruments and Visual Detection.
Advances in Point-of-Care Testing of microRNAs Based on Portable Instruments and Visual Detection.
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DOI：
10.3390/bios13070747
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发表时间：
2023-07-20
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MicroRNAs （miRNAs）是一类小的非编码rna，长度约为22 nt，通过转录后调控基因表达。mirna在生理和病理过程中都起着至关重要的作用，被认为是癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病等有前途的生物标志物。准确检测临床样品中miRNA的表达水平对于miRNA引导的诊断具有重要意义。然而，常见的miRNA检测方法，如RNA测序、qRT-PCR和miRNA微阵列，都是在专业的实验室中进行的，中间步骤复杂，耗时且成本高，对miRNA引导的诊断提出了挑战。因此，灵敏、高特异性、快速、易用的mirna检测对于基于mirna的临床诊断至关重要。POCT （point-of-care testing）以其特异、灵敏、高效、节省成本、易于操作等优点，在mirna检测中得到了广泛的应用。本文首次重点综述了基于便携式仪器和视觉读出方法的mirna POCT的研究进展。由于广泛使用的袖珍便携式仪器和视觉检测在POCT中发挥着重要作用，我们全面讨论了这些方法的原理及其主要局限性和挑战，以便为开发更准确，特异性和灵敏度更高的POCT miRNA检测方法提供指导。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that are approximately 22 nt in length and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs play a vital role in both physiological and pathological processes and are regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and so on. Accurate detection of miRNA expression level in clinical samples is important for miRNA-guided diagnostics. However, the common miRNA detection approaches like RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and miRNA microarray are performed in a professional laboratory with complex intermediate steps and are time-consuming and costly, challenging the miRNA-guided diagnostics. Hence, sensitive, highly specific, rapid, and easy-to-use detection of miRNAs is crucial for clinical diagnosis based on miRNAs. With the advantages of being specific, sensitive, efficient, cost-saving, and easy to operate, point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely used in the detection of miRNAs. For the first time, we mainly focus on summarizing the research progress in POCT of miRNAs based on portable instruments and visual readout methods. As widely available pocket-size portable instruments and visual detection play important roles in POCT, we provide an all-sided discussion of the principles of these methods and their main limitations and challenges, in order to provide a guide for the development of more accurate, specific, and sensitive POCT methods for miRNA detection.
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