Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity
Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity
复制标题
转变美国城市绿色基础设施规划以解决公平问题
DOI:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104591
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
Pickett, Steward T.A.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grabowski, Zbigniew J.;McPhearson, Timon;Pickett, Steward T.A.
Cities across the Unites States have embraced green infrastructure (GI) in official planning efforts. The plans conceptualize GI as providing multiple functions and benefits for urban residents, and form part of complex responses to intersectional urban challenges of social injustice and inequity, climate change, aging and expensive infrastructure, and socio-economic change. To date, it is unclear whether official city GI programs address systemic racism and urban inequality. To fill this knowledge gap, we coded and analyzed 122 formal plans from 20 US cities to examine if and how they address equity and justice in three domains: visions, processes, and distributions. We find a widespread failure of plans to conceptualize and operationalize equity planning principles. Only 13% of plans define equity or justice. Only 30% of cities recognize that they are on Native land. Over 90% of plans do not utilize inclusive processes to plan, design, implement, or evaluate GI, and so target many communities for green improvements without their consent. Although 80% of plans use GI to manage hazards and provide multiple benefits with GI, less than 10% identify the causes of uneven distributions and vulnerability. Even fewer recognize related issues of houselessness and gentrification. Very few plans have mechanisms to build community wealth through new GI jobs. We find promising seeds of best practices in some cities and plan types, but no plan exemplified best practices across all equity dimensions. If formal GI planning in US cities does not explicitly and comprehensively address equity concerns, it may reproduce the inequalities that GI is meant to alleviate. Based on our results, we identify-three key needs to improve current GI planning practices for green infrastructure and equity. First, clear definitions of equity and justice are needed, second, planning must engage with causes of inequality and displacement, and third, urban GI planning needs to be transformed through a focus on inclusion.
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影响因子:
6.7
作者:
Annika Agger
通讯作者:
Annika Agger
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. Brownill;A. Inch
通讯作者:
A. Inch
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
Carlos Bartesaghi Koc;Paul Osmond;Alan Peters
通讯作者:
Carlos Bartesaghi Koc;Paul Osmond;Alan Peters
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1994
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
G. Laws
通讯作者:
G. Laws
DOI:
10.1111/tsq.12014
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
The Sociological Quarterly
影响因子:
--
作者:
Darcy K. Leach
通讯作者:
Darcy K. Leach