MX2 Viral Substrate Breadth and Inhibitory Activity Are Regulated by Protein Phosphorylation.

MX2 Viral Substrate Breadth and Inhibitory Activity Are Regulated by Protein Phosphorylation.
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DOI:
10.1128/mbio.01714-22
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发表时间:
2022-08-30
期刊:
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Malim, Michael H.
Malim, Michael H.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Betancor, Gilberto;Bangham, Madeleine;Jeon, Jun Ki;Shah, Kanisha;Lynham, Steven;Jimenez-Guardeno, Jose M.;Malim, Michael H.

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人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型 (HIV-1) 感染可被人类粘病毒抗性 2 (MX2/MxB) 有效抑制,该病毒与病毒衣壳结合并阻止病毒 DNA 进入核。我们最近发现磷酸化是 MX2 抗病毒活性的关键调节因子,14、17 和 18 位丝氨酸残基的磷酸化可抑制 MX2 功能。在这里,我们扩展了 MX2 翻译后修饰的研究,并鉴定了 MX2 所有域中的丝氨酸和苏氨酸磷酸化。通过用天冬氨酸或丙氨酸取代这些残基,从而分别模拟磷酸基团的存在或不存在,我们确定了控制 MX2 抗病毒活性的关键位置。残基 Ser306 或 Thr334 的天冬氨酸取代以及 Thr343 的丙氨酸取代产生的蛋白质的抗病毒活性显着降低,而 Ser28、Thr151 或 Thr343 位点天冬氨酸的存在导致活性增强:称为超态突变体。在某些情况下,这些超态突变,特别是与其他 MX2 突变(例如 S28D/T151D 或 T151D/T343A)配对时,获得了抑制已知对野生型 MX2 不敏感的 HIV-1 衣壳突变体(例如 P90A 或 T210K)以及 MX2 抗性逆转录病毒(例如马传染性贫血病毒 (EIAV) 和鼠科病毒)的能力。白血病病毒(MLV)。这项工作强调了 MX2 磷酸化在抗病毒活性调节和易感病毒底物选择中的复杂性和重要性。
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is potently inhibited by human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MxB), which binds to the viral capsid and blocks the nuclear import of viral DNA. We have recently shown that phosphorylation is a key regulator of MX2 antiviral activity, with phosphorylation of serine residues at positions 14, 17, and 18 repressing MX2 function. Here, we extend the study of MX2 posttranslational modifications and identify serine and threonine phosphorylation in all domains of MX2. By substituting these residues with aspartic acid or alanine, hence mimicking the presence or absence of a phosphate group, respectively, we identified key positions that control MX2 antiviral activity. Aspartic acid substitutions of residues Ser306 or Thr334 and alanine substitutions of Thr343 yielded proteins with substantially reduced antiviral activity, whereas the presence of aspartic acid at positions Ser28, Thr151, or Thr343 resulted in enhanced activity: referred to as hypermorphic mutants. In some cases, these hypermorphic mutations, particularly when paired with other MX2 mutations (e.g., S28D/T151D or T151D/T343A) acquired the capacity to inhibit HIV-1 capsid mutants known to be insensitive to wild-type MX2, such as P90A or T210K, as well as MX2-resistant retroviruses such as equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and murine leukemia virus (MLV). This work highlights the complexity and importance of MX2 phosphorylation in the regulation of antiviral activity and in the selection of susceptible viral substrates.
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